The Ideal Late 1700 Woman

The Ideal late 1700 Woman Susanna Rowson and Judith Sargent Murray were women from the late 1700s who had their own image of the ideal woman. Susanna Rowson’s Charlotte: A Tale of Truth and Judith Sargent Murray’s On the Equality of the Sexes were written to educate, inform, and to guide women in the right path. Murray and Rowson hoped to change the way women were being seduced by men and the way they were viewed by society and themselves, Susanna Rowson and Judith Sargent Murray saw women’s roles in the early United States similar. In the 1700s women had a basic education of reading and writing and most were trained to become mothers and house wives. Women’s job was to take care of the children at home, cook, clean, and do housework; they were kept from the world. They had no say in politics, government, or legal issues unless their husband allowed them to do so behind the scenes. Susanna Rowson’s motive in writing Charlotte was pure, she wrote â€Å"If the following tale should save one hapless fair one from the errors which ruined poor Charlotte, or rescue from impending misery the heart of one anxious parent, I shall feel a much higher gratification in reflecting on this trifling performance, than could possibly result from the applause which might attend he most elegant finished piece of literature whose tendency might deprave the heart or mislead the understanding. † Rowson wrote Charlotte to try to change the way young women were educated. I believe she wanted parents to teach their daughters that they should listen and pay attention to the advice her parents give her, but also to teach them of the consequences can come if they decide to go in their own path instead of what her parents had planned for her. Susanna Rowson apologized for her novel because everyone expected a happy ending but received the opposite. When Charlotte’s father was on his way for her from England, she passed away after she gave birth to her illegitimate daughter Lucy Temple. Many questioned, why did Charlotte have to die? Rowson wrote, â€Å"The mind of the youth eagerly catches at promised pleasure and innocent by nature, it thinks not of the dangers lurking beneath those pleasures, till too late to avoid them. † I believe the reason Rowson did this was to try to teach young women that there are pros and cons in every decision they make. Rowson’s intentions were to guide young women live the ideal life she believed was meant for a women in the late 1700s. Mademoiselle La Rue’s life was one she approved of; she â€Å"had eloped from a onvent with a young officer, and, on coming to England, had lived with several different men in open defiance of all moral and religious duties†. Even though La Rue had been with several men she was strong and never allowed men to stray away from her path. Mademoiselle had never been seduced by a man. Susanna Rowson’s believed in order for a young women to grow up and have the ideal life, she should not only listen to her parents but also do as they say. Women in the 1700s were only given a basic education and trained to be housewives. Judith Sargent Murray’s On the Equality of the Sexes was written to give women the education they deserved and needed. Murray felt that women were capable of doing more than housework; she believed they could do the same as men if not to be better than them. To prove that women and men were equal and should be getting the same education she questions, â€Å"May not the intellectual powers be ranged under these four heads- imagination, reason, memory, and judgment? † As the Enlighten women she gave evidence to everything she said or wrote. She proved that men and women had the same capability to imagine. She wrote â€Å"but as proofs of a creative faculty, of a lively imagination†, Murray’s evidence that women had an imagination was gossiping. If women didn’t have an imagination how would they be able to come up with such interesting rumors and gossip? Murray goes on to say, â€Å"Are we deficient in reason? We can only reason from what we know, and if an opportunity of acquiring knowledge hath been denied us, the inferiority of our sex cannot fairly be deduced from thence. † She is saying if they teach women physics, psychology, and other subjects besides the basics they can prove they have the same power of reasoning as men. She then proves that women also have the power of memory, because women memorize stories and share them with others. Murray wrote, â€Å"Female would become discreet, their judgment would be invigorated, and their partners for life being circumspectly chosen, an unhappy Hymen would then be as rare as is now the reverse. † She believed if women had the same education as men, women would be not only smart but also better wives. Murray believed that everyone was born equal but society taught them that they were different. To prove that equality is given by nature she questions, â€Å"Will it be said that the judgment of a male of two year old is more sage than that of a female’s of the same age? † She compared two year olds to prove that they are equal until they get to school. Once in school society doesn’t allow women to have the same opportunity to learn. They are automatically put in different schools where they are taught different material. She goes on to say â€Å"How is the one exalted and the other depressed by the contrary modes of education which are adopted! The one is taught to aspire and the other is early confined and limited. Women are limited and that is why they do not have the same knowledge as men do. She believed women should not only get educated on not being seduced by men but also felt that they should have the same education as men. Murray believed women should have the same opportunity as men in society. Women should be able to independently provide for themselves, but due to lack of education they were not allowed to do so. Murray brings religion into her essay when she writes, â€Å"our souls by nature equal to yours; the same breath of God animates, enlivens, and invigorates us†. She proves that men are no different from women when they came into this world. God took the same breath into both men and women so what makes men better? Susanna Rowson and Judith Sargent Murray both intended to reach, like Rowson wrote, the â€Å"young and thoughtless of the fair sex†. When she wrote Charlotte: A Tale of Truth, she wanted to protect vulnerable young women from doing the wrong thing. She wrote, â€Å"Oh my dear girls—for to such only am I writing—listen not to the voice of love, unless sanctioned by paternal approbation: be assured, it is now past the days of romance. Rowson felt that women should know some of the basics to protect themself from rakes, and wanted to teach them to marry the right man. She felt as if young women were easily seduced by men. She warns the reader by writing â€Å"In affairs of love, a young heart is never in more danger than when attempted by a handsome young soldier. † For example, Charlotte decided to rebel against her parents and became romantically involved with Montraville, a man her parents disapproved of. Charlotte was a young naive 15 year old girl that got seduced by an attractive man that promised â€Å"the world† to her. He promised to marry her but instead, took her to New York, and then he abandoned her and their unborn child. Charlotte’s fate went bad when she decided to follow her heart instead of her parents. She was seduced and betrayed by the man she fell deeply in love with, this is what Rowson was trying to prevent in the lives of her young readers. In Part II of Judith Sargent Murray’s essay she wrote, â€Å"Praise is sweet to the soul; we are immediately intoxicated by large draughts of flattery, which being plentifully administered, is to the pride of our hearts the most acceptable incenses. In Murray’s essay she writes that women were seduced by men with their intellectuals. She felt that women should be educated on how not to be tempted when a man tried to seduce her. Rowson and Murray both believed that women should be educated on how to avoid falling into temptation and how to save their reputation. In the late 1700’s women were seen as the temptress and p unished for seducing men. But why is it okay that men are allowed to tempt women and get away with it? In Charlotte, Rowson tries to inform everyone that men are the temptress, not women. Charlotte falls for Montraville’s lies and betrayal because she had sympathy for him. Rowson stopped her story to put her input about women being too compassionate, â€Å"when once she has lost sight of the basis on which reputation, honor, everything that should be dear to the female heart, rest, she grows hardened in guilt, will spare no pains to bring ceeds from that diabolical spirit of envy†. Men know that once women start feeling sympathy for someone they drop the wall that they was there to protect them from becoming the fallen woman, Rowson and Murray wanted this to change. Judith Sargent Murray and Susanna Rowson were smart women that wanted young women to be educated. They differed on their opinions on how much education a woman should have. Murray believed that women should have the same education as men, and Rowson believed there was a limit on the amount of education a woman should receive. Both believed that young women should be educated to the extent where they did not fall into temptation and be marked as a temptress. In their stories they gave proof of what they believed should be done and why.

Dante, Plato, Aristotle Essay

The assignment is poetry v. philosophy. Plato speaks of a quarrel b/t poetry and philosophy. He dismisses the arts while Aristotle defends them. DO we see traces of this quarrel in later traditions? If so, where? And how is it played out there? For this essay, in addition to Plato and Aristotle, focus on Dante’s Inferno. (Please look to see if my thesis is clear and strong, my evidence is all relevant, and whether this whole essay persuades you) Throughout his life, Plato strongly believed that the arts and philosophy directly opposed each other. On the other hand, Aristotle defended poetry as an aid to philosophy. Dante, a philosophical poet, successfully synthesizes Plato and Aristotle’s views in the Divine Comedy of the Inferno without compromising either school of thought. He acknowledges the fact that while the arts have its uses within the material world and philosophy its uses in the spiritual, both need the other to be complete. Both Plato and Aristotle agree that poetry brings about great emotion which has a lasting impact on the individual and society. However, they disagree on poetry’s emotional effects. In Meno, Plato believes it results in harm while Aristotle argues that it leads to improvement in Poetics. Upon closer inspection, we see that Dante’s Inferno contains a philosophical significance underlying its poetic style. Poetry and philosophy work towards the same end, but in different ways. There is no doubt that poetry is an imitation. What Aristotle and Plato dispute over is the source of that imitation. Plato strongly states that the arts are mimetic, twice removed from the truth. They are an imitation of the ideal entities in the realm of the forms, in which all things are perfect. For instance, tragedy presents multiple possibilities and situations rather than a single essence. In Meno, Plato’s Socrates discusses the difference between doxa and episteme. Poets, politicians and priests utilize doxa, a type of knowledge that is not mediated through any intellectual reasoning. This further demonstrates the composition of the material realm. Right opinion, or doxa, flees from the mind just as the materialistic body quickly perishes. Socrates says opinion is not worth much until it is â€Å"fastened with reasoning of cause and effect† (Plato 65). He is alluding to episteme, true knowledge that remains in the brain. This is accomplished through intellectual inquiry in the ideal realm. Throughout the dialogue, Menon insults Socrates by saying he looks like a stingray, alluding to a type of numbing-drug. However, Menon proves to have false knowledge as Socrates shows how anamnesis occurs via the Socratic Method. Only when he experiences aporia, the state of confusion and realization of one’s ignorance, can he reach true knowledge. The reference to the drug, pharmakon, symbolizes how Menon became numb to the false, material world in order to transition to the divine realm where all things originate. While Plato asserts that imitation comes from the true essence of things, Aristotle believes it has its roots in human action. In Poetics, he examines how humans have an instinct for imitation, harmony and rhythm. We often learn our earliest lessons from mimesis. Aristotle asserts that the only way to reach the ideal is through action. He views it as a horizontal developmental rather than a vertical one, as Plato did. By the process of energia, we move from potential to actuality. This is also analogous to the concept of the material to the ideal. We come out of the cave and into the sun through our own activities. As the arts best represent action, tragedy contains knowledge because it presents psychological possibilities and universal truths about ourselves. Each possible reality may be the ideal essence. Tragedy, after all, is an imitation of action and of life, not men. The stage externalizes what’s within our souls. The actors play out the meaning of life which the audience can safely inspect without endangering themselves. This perspective is extremely human-centric compared to Plato’s divine ideal. For instance, tragedy contains plot that is action-centric and based on the structure of incidents. Unlike a story, a plot’s events can be resequenced in any fashion. This is like an experiment in which the stage is our lab. A plot can furthermore be split in two ways: complex or simple. A complex plot contains peripeteia and anagnorisis. The latter, similar to Plato’s Meno, shows the progression from ignorance to knowledge. Yet the characters on stage, even after making decisions, are still susceptible to Fortune’s will. Thus peripeteia occurs, alluding to God and the divine realm we ultimately reach with the aid of anagnorisis. There are some things people can’t control. However, what we do imitate and control are our actions within the material world. For Aristotle, action was the most significant aim to focus on. In Dante’s Inferno, the poet Virgil guides Dante into Hell. Poetry begins to act as a gentler remedy compared to philosophy. It is more relatable to the human mind and physical world. Through catharsis, Dante must eliminate all emotional tumult to become enlightened. This process of catharsis is similar to the movement from the material to spiritual realm. Paradiso, the highest realm, is where true intellect exists and where we become one with God. In the second canto, Dante demonstrates the wickedness of emotions and the materialistic realm when Virgil tells him: Your soul has been assailed by cowardice, which often weighs so heavily on a man- distracting him from honorable trails- as phantoms frighten beasts when shadows fall. (lines 45-48) This is an extremely Platonian perspective. Partially right, Plato believed that tragedy produced cowardly leaders as it appealed to passion rather than logic and reason. Through Virgil, Dante demonstrates how the arts, especially poetry, are effective in cleansing the soul of emotion by experiencing or contemplating it. Much like the Socratic Method in Meno, Dante must become â€Å"numb† to false knowledge via catharsis and begin with a clean slate. He accomplishes this by observing the damned in the inferno. When he passes through aporia, only then will he become enlightened and obtain truth. The shadows are a reference to Augustine’s â€Å"visio corporals,† the cave of pure materiality, in which false knowledge resides. Dante says in canto one that man must come out of the â€Å"shadowed forest† (line 2) where he is â€Å"so full of sleep† (line 11). All this is accomplished through human action, represented through tragedy and poetry. Furthermore, Virgil symbolizes the coming emergence of Christian Rome through Dante. He has already taken Aeneas to the Underworld, setting up the entire story. Parallel to this, poetry lays the necessary foundation for the coming age of philosophy. Dante uses typology of the inferno to paradiso. Like the Hebrew Bible, the inferno remains incomplete and foreshadows what’s to come. The New Testament completes the text, in the same way philosophy does to poetry. Each is interdependent on the other. In the Inferno, Dante fails to read the inscription to the Gateway to Hell, demonstrating how the archaic style of backgrounding no longer resounds in the new age of foregrounding. This method brings to light how the mind reads and interprets with reason. Because the material realm is incomplete, Dante cannot move to this abstract, spiritual meaning without first going through the forest. In the third canto, Virgil describes to Dante how those in hell have â€Å"lost the good of the intellect† (line 18). The mind can never be fulfilled as it is a pure sensory experience. This is proven when Virgil is only able to guide Dante so far. He cannot take Dante beyond the material realm because he is not a Christian. He represents the arts, the non-metaphysical. A higher entity, Beatrice, will lead him to paradiso. Virgil declares in canto one: â€Å"If you would then ascend as high as these / a soul more worthy than I am will guide you† (lines 121-122). Likewise, we can think of poetry, represented by Virgil, as a disguise to philosophy, the eventual remedy of Beatrice. While philosophy speaks of a thing itself, poetry uses metaphors as a transition to reach a philosophical conclusion. It is a vehicle for truth in its own peculiar way, addressing our minds through imagination, sensibility and feelings. Dante can synthesize Plato and Aristotle’s views because they are working toward one common goal: the divine, the cave of pure intellect. The mechanisms of philosophy are simply a more sophisticated turn on poetry. Traces of Plato are still seen in Dante, especially when he states in the fifth canto: â€Å"Those who undergo this torment are damned because they sinned†¦ subjecting reason to the rule of lust† (lines 37-39). However, in tragedy, what seems irrational and absurd to the audience becomes permeated with reason as it speaks the universal truth about ourselves. The arts show there is something beyond human thought and action as the audience learn how we cannot control everything. There is something beyond this human, materialistic world that we cannot begin to understand. This is God, which is exactly what philosophy aims at. It speaks the truth, not only of human action, but of the existence of the ultimate good. In this way, poetry consists of rational thought and intellect. Virgil tells Dante in canto eight: â€Å"Forget your fear, no one can hinder our passage; One so great has granted it† (lines 104-105). We are turning inward to our souls to reach the divine. This also speaks of God’s infinite and unexplainable power. God makes the impossible possible. Dante had to go down into the deepest level of hell to see the divine. This irony demonstrates catabasis and anagogy, the one single movement towards God. Furthermore, Cassius and Brutus foreshadow Judas’ betrayal. These three make up the material inversion of the Holy Trinity. We are able to see God in Lucifer. This demonstrates the typology from the inferno to paradiso as well as the process of recollection in Plato’s Meno and Aristotle’s Poetics. Just as Dante had to move through death to experience life, the reader must pass through poetry to obtain philosophy. All thinking about God involves moving from the material to the realm of the forms. The divine uses metaphors, our language, to help us understand. We are able to indirectly talk to God through poetry as He determines our fate. It was his will to send Dante into Hell. Like poetry’s catharsis and philosophy’s pharmakon, Dante engages his mind as he journeys through the inferno. By looking and contemplating the suffering of the damned, he becomes reconciled to aspects of his life which would otherwise be nonsensical. Both the poet and philosopher seek the existence of God and of the metaphysical. Although Dante recognizes that the arts have limited utility, he realizes how poetry helps lay the foundation for philosophy through the Aristotelian and Platonian method. It has a cognitive function by helping to better appreciate and complete philosophy. As Venantius Fortunatus wrote in his hymn Vexilla Regis, â€Å"†¦ by death did life procure. † Likewise, by poetry did philosophy come about.

Employment and New Blood Essay

â€Å"More emphasis should be placed on the external supply of employees for meeting future needs because these employees bring new blood into the organization. This results in more innovative and creative ideas. † Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Explain your response. Although there is enough data available to validate arguments made from both sides. One can presume that depending on which side of the gate debaters find themselves, it is more likely that their point of view will be biased. However it may be worthy to note that though external employees can indeed bring â€Å"new blood† to the organization, sometimes they can also bring bad blood, which can often contaminate the pool and create a hostile working environment. No one can inherently deny that from time to time a growing organization will definitely need to import an external supply of personnel. The health and profitability of the organization may warrant it. However passing up a legitimate opportunity to promote a deserving employee from within is my view totally unjustifiable and inexcusable. And there are many factors which prove that it may ultimately be beneficial for an organization to hire internally. â€Å"Is it Better to Promote From Within or Hire Externally? With limited resources, the best option is to promote from within. Doing so will save a considerable amount of time and money spent on recruiting. Also, by giving preference to internal staff, you’ll demonstrate that there are growth opportunities within your company – a factor that will motivate some employees to be more productive. Find a gem within your staff and, with proper training and incentives, he or she will pay dividends for years to come! www. businessfinancestore. com/2012/06/26/is-it†¦ Hiring from within is both time and cost effective. By hiring externally, you’ll have to advertise openings to prospective applicants. Unless you have a very reliable network or rely completely on websites that allow free posting, you’ll incur some expenses in the process. Internal recruitment reduces the cost of training the new blood about the different strategies of working in the organization as the person who is already working with the organization will already have the knowledge about the work that will be given to him when he will be promoted. No need to pay for job ads, take phone calls and emails from interested applicants and it will be easier to schedule interviews An argument can also be made that when it comes to profits, no financial gain can equate the benefits that an organization can reap from a boost in employee morale, especially if it is gained as a result of an internal promotion. It increases the incentives for your staff to do a good job. Employees will have more of a reason to stay with your company. Employees may begin to resent you if you habitually hire external employees. And once word gets out that there aren’t many (or any) growth opportunities in your organization, this could also hurt your recruiting efforts. Hiring internally also builds loyalty among the employees: with the help of the internal recruitment the organization will be able to gain the loyalty of the employee who is working with the organization. As he/she will be aware that the organization knows about the worth of the person because of which he/she is being promoted and will also encourage other employees to prove their worth to the organization. It ensures the stability from continuity of employment: Internal recruitment helps in creating the stability and the continuity of the employees of the organization, as they will be encouraged to work hard to gain the status that they look forward to which will help in attaining the stability of the employees. So, to conclude we can say that the internal recruitment is the best way to motivate people within the organization to work hard towards the organizational goals and will also reduce the cost and time that is being spent on the procedure to select the new blood from outside for working in the organization.

Meaning of Education Essay

Recently, a university professor wrote a letter to the editor of the local newspaper. He commented that people shouldn’t put too much weight on the recently released trends in SRA scores of the state’s high school students. The professor went on to describe some of the unanswered questions about the nature and value of assessment. He mentioned that one of the problems with assessment was the ongoing disagreement on the very purpose of education. A few days later, a scathing response was printed from a community member who questioned whether the University really wanted someone on their staff who didn’t even know the purpose of education. Clearly, this person assumed that his definition of education was shared by all. What is the meaning of education? Webster defines education as the process of educating or teaching (now that’s really useful, isn’t it? ) Educate is further defined as â€Å"to develop the knowledge, skill, or character of†¦ † Thus, from these definitions, we might assume that the purpose of education is to develop the knowledge, skill, or character of students. Unfortunately, this definition offers little unless we further define words such as develop, knowledge, and character. What is meant by knowledge? Is it a body of information that exists â€Å"out there†Ã¢â‚¬â€apart from the human thought processes that developed it? If we look at the standards and benchmarks that have been developed by many states—or at E. D. Hirsch’s list of information needed for Cultural Literacy (1), we might assume this to be the definition of knowledge. However, there is considerable research leading others to believe that knowledge arises in the mind of an individual when that person interacts with an idea or experience. This is hardly a new argument. In ancient Greece, Socrates argued that education was about drawing out what was already within the student. (As many of you know, the word education comes from the Latin e-ducere meaning â€Å"to lead out. â€Å") At the same time, the Sophists, a group of itinerant teachers, promised to give students the necessary knowledge and skills to gain positions with the city-state. There is a dangerous tendency to assume that when people use the same words, they perceive a situation in the same way. This is rarely the case. Once one gets beyond a dictionary definition—a meaning that is often of little practical value—the meaning we assign to a word is a belief, not an absolute fact. Here are a couple of examples. â€Å"The central task of education is to implant a will and facility for learning; it should produce not learned but learning people. The truly human society is a learning society, where grandparents, parents, and children are students together. † ~Eric Hoffer â€Å"No one has yet realized the wealth of sympathy, the kindness and generosity hidden in the soul of a child. The effort of every true education should be to unlock that treasure. † ~Emma Goldman â€Å"The only purpose of education is to teach a student how to live his life-by developing his mind and equipping him to deal with reality. The training he needs is theoretical, i. e. , conceptual. He has to be taught to think, to understand, to integrate, to prove. He has to be taught the essentials of the knowledge discovered in the past-and he has to be equipped to acquire further knowledge by his own effort. † ~Ayn Rand â€Å"The aim of education should be to teach us rather how to think, than what to think—rather to improve our minds, so as to enable us to think for ourselves, than to load the memory with the thoughts of other men. † ~Bill Beattie â€Å"The one real object of education is to leave a man in the condition of continually asking questions. † ~Bishop Creighton â€Å"The central job of schools is to maximize the capacity of each student. † ~Carol Ann Tomlinson These quotations demonstrate the diversity of beliefs about the purpose of education. How would you complete the statement, â€Å"The purpose of education is†¦ â€Å"? If you ask five of your fellow teachers to complete that sentence, it is likely that you’ll have five different statements. Some will place the focus on knowledge, some on the teacher, and others on the student. Yet people’s beliefs in the purpose of education lie at the heart of their teaching behaviors. Despite what the letter writer might have wished, there is no definition of education that is agreed upon by all, or even most, educators. The meanings they attach to the word are complex beliefs arising from their own values and experiences. To the extent that those beliefs differ, the experience of students in today’s classrooms can never be the same. Worse, many educators have never been asked to state their beliefs—or even to reflect on what they believe. At the very least, teachers owe it to their students to bring their definitions into consciousness and examine them for validity. Purposes and Functions. To make matters more complicated, theorists have made a distinction between the purpose of education and the functions of education. (2) A purpose is the fundamental goal of the process—an end to be achieved. Functions are other outcomes that may occur as a natural result of the process— byproducts or consequences of schooling. For example, some teachers believe that the transmission of knowledge is the primary purpose of education, while the transfer of knowledge from school to the real world is something that happens naturally as a consequence of possessing that knowledge—a function of education. Because a purpose is an expressed goal, more effort is put into attaining it. Functions are assumed to occur without directed effort. For this reason it’s valuable to figure out which outcomes you consider a fundamental purpose of education. Which of the following do you actually include in your planning? Acquisition of information about the past and present: includes traditional disciplines such as literature, history, science, mathematics Formation of healthy social and/or formal relationships among and between students, teachers, others Capacity/ability to evaluate information and to predict future outcomes (decision-making) Capacity/ability to seek out alternative solutions and evaluate them (problem solving) Development of mental and physical skills: motor, thinking, communication, social, aesthetic Knowledge of moral practices and ethical standards acceptable by society/culture Capacity/ability to recognize and evaluate different points of view Respect: giving and receiving recognition as human beings Indoctrination into the culture Capacity/ability to live a fulfilling life Capacity/ability to earn a living: career education Sense of well-being: mental and physical health. Capacity/ability to be a good citizen Capacity/ability to think creatively Cultural appreciation: art, music, humanities Understanding of human relations and motivations Acquisition/clarification of values related to the physical environment Acquisition/clarification of personal values Self-realization/self-reflection: awareness of one’s abilities and goals Self-esteem/self-efficacy As Tom Peters reminds us, â€Å"What gets measured, gets done. † Regardless of the high sounding rhetoric about the development of the total child, it is the content of assessments that largely drives education. How is the capacity/ability to think creatively assessed in today’s schools? To what extent is the typical student recognized and given respect? How often are students given the opportunity to recognize and evaluate different points of view when multiple choice tests require a single ‘correct’ answer? Teachers who hold a more humanistic view of the purpose of education often experience stress because the meaning they assign to education differs greatly from the meaning assigned by society or their institution. It is clear in listening to the language of education that its primary focus is on knowledge and teaching rather than on the learner. Students are expected to conform to schools rather than schools serving the needs of students. Stopping to identify and agree upon a fundamental purpose or purposes of education is rare. One sees nebulous statements in school mission statements, but they are often of the â€Å"Mom, baseball, and apple pie† variety that offer little substance on which to build a school culture. Creating meaningful and lasting change in education is unlikely without revisiting this basic definition. At the very least, educators must be challenged to identify and reexamine their beliefs in the light of present knowledge. It is time for the focus of education to shift from what’s â€Å"out there—the curriculum, assessments, classroom arrangement, books, computers—to the fundamental assumptions about and definitions of education held by educators and policymakers. NASA did not send men to the moon by building on the chassis of a model T. In the same way, education cannot hope to move beyond its present state on the chassis of 18th century education.

Physical Education Essay

Brief Description of Teaching Approach Used by the Teacher: Direct instruction- a lecturing method of teaching because it can cover large amount of materials in a short period of time. Teaching Aids used Strengths Weaknesses Comments on Appropriateness of the Teaching Aids used Chalk board Handouts Books White board Used as a medium for verbal communication It is economical and reusable Aid learning and increase attention and motivation and help students to follow the development of idea. Could be react for instruction, recreation or entertainment Easier to hold and does not generate dust  It does not provide a permanent record This is a role of no confidence in students note taking, some of them may feel cheated because they took notes unnecessarily. Dependent about the ideas that is written in the book The white board background can cause problems to those with vision impairment The chalk board is often neglected and it does not get the proper care it deserves. Using handouts or not is an act management not simply of information-giving books are effective to use as an instructional tool because it makes students to think and understand clearly about the lesson  is effective to use because it does not generate dust that comes from using and erasing chalks Your Analysis 1. What do you think prompted the teacher to choose the materials/learning resources that she/he used? 2. What difficulties, if any, did the teacher experience? How can this be managed? 3. Over-all, were the learning resources /materials used effectively? Why ? Why not? Charlene Atig Technology is a tool for a meaningful learning. During our observation in a particular class a teacher used chalk board during her presentation of lessons. I think teacher prompted to choose the materials/learning resources that she used was it’s because she conceived that those aids was effective and suit to her students’ needs of learning. And in other cares, maybe a teacher can’t use a power point presentation it’s because there is no availability or lack of computers those instructional materials that can be used in teaching. A teacher should facilitate evaluative process by focusing students’ attention in the effectiveness, efficiency of instructional materials. Teacher experienced the difficulty especially students showing restlessness or boredom to the presentation. So, it is often helpful for a teacher to shoe genuine interest to the students. Or if not, she need to change her strategies in teaching, aside from using visual aid, it’s better to use power point presentation because it attracts students look and attention. I can’t say that all those learning resources/materials were effective in used to the students. Teacher was still need to adjust her plans to match the changing interest and needs of the learners. During the discussion, students show boredom about the presentation of the lesson because visual aid for me describe as a dry tool to be used to the learners. Maybe, until now, that aid is effective to some but using technology can create a meaningful learning that transmits students effectively. It is much better to use power point to present well the lessons clearly including some examples especially pictures. Ellvine Pia Bonocan During our observation, the instructional materials that were used by the teacher were chalkboard, whiteboard, handouts, and books. The very common teaching aids used in classroom. I think the teacher used those instructional materials because she thought that it would be more effective to use those things or strategies. Maybe she still not used to a power point presentation. At the time that we observed, the students were reporting about a particular topic given by their teacher. I think the difficulties that the teacher experienced were: she can’t manage the class and the way her students behaved while having a reporting because some were texting and some were chatting with their classmates. I guess, for the teacher to manage those unnecessary things done by her students during the reporting would become lessen if only if she will give her full attention to her students and telling the students to listen and stop doing something while the reporting is still going on. The learning resources were somehow not effective because for me using that instructional materials nowadays is dry and boring to look at. The students won’t focus on the report because they’ll feel bored looking the same things used in reporting. There is a need to enhance the ways or strategies that the teacher applied. She must tell her students to used power point in their report so that the class would be lively and they will focus in the reporting. There will be more interaction between teacher and students. To also developed student’s participation in class activities for that matter. Annie Rose Calumpang At this time and age, teachers have a wide a choices on what instructional materials to use. However, when I visited the classroom and observed what instructional materials or teaching aids that is used by the teacher the most common instructional materials used are the chalkboard, handouts, books, and whiteboard. Teacher used these instructional materials because its inexpensiveness and it is economical and reusable. When we observed a class, that time, the students are reporting about the topic that the teacher assigned to them. The difficulty I observed in the teacher she can’t handle the attitude of the students. Some of the students are talking and got bored in the report because the reporters does not explain their report they always read without analyzing the assigned topic. To manage this, teacher should tell the students to give a copy about their report to their classmates so that they will listen to the reports. The learning resource/materials are used effectively because students learning become more interactive through applying accepted learning theory. There is an interaction between students and teacher which can enhance the student’s participation or cooperation Roxanne R. dela Cruz The teacher might think that the materials she used might attract and will stand as a reminder to the students who see it. It could be a resourceful tool to student to master such learning objects. The difficulties of a teacher would be the strategy they’ll make if they are going to present pictures or illustrations to make it more clear and can easily understood. The materials were effective more some reasons but not enough for this new generation because the school has poor learning materials it might cause students to be NOT more competent and well-prepared in the future. Reflection Charlene Atig As a future MAPEH teacher someday, I will first have my self-evaluation for the improvement of learning. I used aids that create and contain well organized Teaching aid materials. In my case, I should prefer to use slide presentation because I think this aid present an applicable future understanding about the needs of the learners and can really enhance instruction. And at the end of the activity, students can gain competence in developing and utilizing materials (slide presentation) which involve students in meaningful learning. At this point student show interest to the lesson being presented. Ellvine Pia Bonocan Being a teacher is not that easy in fact it’s enjoyable dealing or teaching different type of students. If I put myself in the place of the teacher where we had our observation, the thing that I would do similarly is to give student’s reports so that they can practice facing people or the class and to help them develop their communication skills and to build self-confidence through reporting. The thing that I will do differently is to change the teaching strategy that was used by the teacher. If I will become a teacher soon, I want to make the students or class lively in a way that the students won’t get bored in the class because that is the only or reason why students don’t want to listen to the reports or discussions. So, to minimize this, you as a teacher, you must find ways to entertain student’s interests, you should have a sense of humor so that they’ll not get bored sitting and listening to the report or discussion. You must be patient enough to find  ways or strategies that will be suit to student’s interest to make your discussion more interactive and at the same time effective. So, to awaken them, you must tell your students to make their reports using a power point presentation because nowadays this is commonly used instead of using visual aids. They should learn how to use a power point presentation in reporting not to give their financial problem but to help them discover the use of technology nowadays because in this generation it’s really needed and useful. Annie Rose Calumpang If I were on the part of the teacher, the teaching skills that I would similar to her teaching strategies are the way I incorporate the instructional materials into a lessons like giving handouts to the students about the topic and the way I applied my teaching strategies to encouraged students to be active and alert during the learning process like asking question to the students about the topic, then each of the students should have an answered to that questioned, so that, there is an interaction between the teacher and the students to make learning process became more interesting. Then the different strategy that I would do to make students motivate well in the learning process before I discussed the lessons to the students, a number of questioned about the topic can served from the students to arouse their interest and focus their attention to the topic. As a whole, learning is meaningful when it is connected to the student’s everyday life. A good teaching enhanced students to interact in different classroom activities to make teaching learning possible. Roxanne dela Cruz As a student in the field of arts I’m going to make things clear and try my best to do more original illustration. I’ll motivate my students to learn more than just the content on the objects they see. Student-centered will be my primary objective.

Mircobiology research assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mircobiology research assignment - Essay Example Logging, whether legal or illegal, causes much deforestation. It has the capability of displacing certain microorganisms in a particular habitat. There is mutual existence in the forest between microorganisms and other species but this relationship has been altered due to deforestation creating some occurrences of new infective diseases and the re-emergence of the old pathogens with greater resistance and impunity. Some of man's activities contribute in decimating forests. Aside from logging, man clears land for agricultural food and non-food crops. Other factors that complement rapid deforestation include fuelwood gathering, charcoal making, mining, clearing of large tracts of forest ground for human habitation, and clearing of forest floor for water storage and dams facilities. With such activities, man has also created some man-made sites, holes, patches with stagnant water favoring some insect vectors. Such forest disturbance could benefit more the insect vectors. In Tanzania, for instance, malaria carrier Anopheles gambiaae found a nice breeding ground in shallow patches, pits, sewers, and holes resulting from deforestation. In 1960 in the Amazonian Brazil, malaria was declared as under control. After two decades, the disease however, re-appeared in greater proportion. Health authorities cited some factors that contributed to the new outbreak: human habitation into the rainforest, which provided the insects with new non-immune hosts, and the resulting man-made breeding sites with standing water. The same incident was observed along the TransAmazon Highway where more people contracted malaria due to increasing immigration and forest settlement. 3 Before deforestation, forest floor are naturally littered with organic layers (leaves, branches, and the like). This makes it quite acidic. Upon clearing or deforesting, the same piece of forest floor, now with man-made pools, is penetrated by sunlight making it warmer and at the same time rendering it neutral in pH. This condition greatly favors certain mosquito larvae to develop and multiply in enormous number. To have malaria, three conditions must be met: the presence of human hosts; the sufficient number of malaria transmitting anopheline mosquitoes; and, the favorable conditions such as temperature and humidity, for the complete development of the parasite in the infected mosquitoes. Some apparently healthy blood transfusion donors may also transmit the disease if parasites are not fully eradicated in him. So far, four species of malarial parasites are recognized as pathogenic to man: Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale. They produce different clinical fever symptoms. Malaria has an interesting story. The early Romans thought that the disease was caused by foul air rising from the marshes. And so they drained the marshes to reduce the breeding places of mosquitoes. In so doing, unintentionally, they also reduced the occurrence of malarial infestation.

Internet Radio Station Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Internet Radio Station - Essay Example Internet radio stations present an array of choices for audiences with specialized taste in music. Depending on one’s mood, one can easily access an internet radio station and choose a specific program that will suit his/her taste. In addition, there are few advertisements in internet radio, which means that more music is played on the airtime. What I primarily disliked about internet radio is the lack of live DJs who introduce and comment on the songs. Although radio is traditionally a one-way form of communication, the presence of live DJs in them gives the medium a human dimension. Internet radio, in contrast, felt mechanical; it can be likened to listening to a CD or recorded music that is, once in a while, interrupted by canned voices and advertisements. I will definitely listen to that station again because it plays 80s music which I really like and cannot find readily on traditional radio. The program offers an extensive music collection which shows the upbeat and energetic vibe of the 80s. Listening to that radio station reminds me of a lot of things about the 80s. In addition, I will listen to internet radio again because the medium offers immediacy, which is not possible in traditional radio. Whatever type of music I want to listen to anytime can be found on the internet. In traditional radio, sometimes one has to make a request in order for his/her favorite song to get played. Although internet radio does not receive request from audiences, it offers a huge collection of specialized music which can be accessed

Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 3

Information Systems - Essay Example stakeholders, implementing a better mitigation plan for potential risk and ensure that they clearly understand and support what the project should achieve. This report presents the detailed risk analysis, mitigation and recommendations for the new information technology based system implementation for the submission of personal tax returns at a large European country. In addition, this report will outline some of main and inflectional risks those can make this project a failure. In this scenario I will also recommend some of effective mitigation steps to effectively manage and handle this project. According to (Whitten, Bentley and Dittman), the current era is known as the age of information technology since the information technology is playing vital and major roles in almost every walk of life. Additionally, the business sector is also tremendously influenced and improved by the information technology. Furthermore, at the present, organizations have more effective and well-organized ways for performing business functions. Furthermore, to perform managerial tasks, the development and implementation of information systems have turned out to be essential task for almost every organization. Since, the accomplishment of the information systems in the organizations and corporate structures has provided many advantages and ROI (return on investment). However, at the present time, the information systems are strongly attached with business activities and management operations. Since, these systems are presenting a valuable return on the organizational data stored in these informati on systems. In addition, the development of the off-the-shelf information systems has presented various facilities to the business data and information handling. Thus, at the present, the information system is the main factor of the concentration for every organization (Whitten, Bentley and Dittman; Hutchinson and Sawyer). This report is about the implementation of new information system

Book of Hosea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Book of Hosea - Essay Example God's love is so great that it surpasses the transgressions of the Israelites. With this experience, Hosea has become an authentic and effective prophet of God. The following ideas and interpretation of the Book of Hosea are taken from various sources. The Book of Hosea is divided into two parts. The first part is about the Prophet's Marriage and Its Lesson (Hosea 1:1-3:5). The second part is Israel's Guilt and Punishment (Hosea 4:1-14:9 (New American Bible)). According to John Shelby Spong (2005), Hosea lived at the Northern Kingdom and started being a prophet in the last years of Jeroboam II (786-746 B.C.). There are several speculations about this person. Some say he is a priest while others call him a cult prophet. Spong says Hosea is "very sensitive, emotional man who could pass quickly from violent anger to the deepest tenderness." He is married to Gomer, who caused him so much trouble and pain. She is described as very beautiful and the favourite sex partner of the upper class men. When she became older, she is reduced to a slave. Spong describes it dramatically in the following passage: And one day he went to a slave market sale, and this haggard old woman with matted hair and bloodshot eyes was brought out on the slave auction block, and the crowd around there began to laugh. Who in the world would pay anything for that hag But Hosea recognized that as his wife. And in a strange and bold act he stood up when the bidding was open and he offered the highest price that anyone would pay for the strongest young male servant That's the only way Hosea knew how to begin to restore Gomer's dignity and he brought her to his home, and he installed her as his wife, the head of his household. Such sacrifice could surely not be done by an ordinary sinful and selfish person. This is indeed an impressive way of showing the credibility and sincerity of the message of Hosea to the adulterous Israelites. Got Questions Ministries gives a detailed outline of the Book of Hosea. The main points and subdivisions of the Book are outlined as follows: 1. Author: Hosea "is the only prophet of Israel who left any written prophecies which were recorded during the later years of his life." 2. Date of Writing: "Hosea, the son of Beeri, prophesied for quite some time, from 785 to 725 B.C. The Book of Hosea was likely written between 755 and 725 B.C." 3. Purpose of Writing: The Book is written to show "a loving God whose loyalty to His covenant people is unwavering." Moreover, Richard D. Patterson, in his "Introduction to Hosea: Historical Context," details the milieu when the Book of Hosea and the events therein. The setting is said to be during the eighth century B.C. at the Northern Kingdom. Also mentioned in the Book, four eighth century kings of Judah, thus making the setting to be in Judah. The kings mentioned are: Uzziah (c. 792-740 B.C.), Jeroboam II (c. 792-752 B.C.), Jotham (732 B.C.) and Hezekiah in Judah in (729 B.C.). This shows that Hosea lived a long life and cautioned and encouraged the people of Israel. This also implies that the Israelites are a difficult people to lead and it is only God's great unconditional love that makes them survive the tests of time and pressures from the neighbouring tribes. The era is described as "a period marked by great economic and political success but growing spiritual apostasy." Patterson continues

Mead's symbolic interaction theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mead's symbolic interaction theory - Essay Example Another difference that exists between the humans and infrahumans is the communication types that are used. In the infrahuman, communication is usually gestural and takes place with an immediate effect, without being interrupted for the purpose of either assigning meaning or interpreting. Human communication, on the other hand, is meaningful and gestures have meanings assigned to them and the gestures do not call for immediate responses. There is also the essence of self. Self is the term used in referring to the reflective, conscious personality of the person (Wood 1992). Self is the entity that is envisioned by person whenever he/she tries to think about who they are. It is crucial to know that the idea of self can only be understood fully through role-taking. For a person to be able to look upon himself, he must have the capability to take over the role of another. The basic work of Herbert Mead was regarded to as symbolic interactionism. The work bore the name of Herbert Blumer, who inherited it from the famous social psychology course. The inheritance was after Mead died and then Blumer became an advocate of the symbolic interactions persistently. It would be hard for Mead to approve this label, more significantly, symbolic interactionism, since it has undergone evolution since more than sixty years ago, has seemed to lay its focus on the changes of self-more rather than either interaction or symbols, unlike what Blumer was an advocate for the reactions of people when they are interacting with others in the social settings which are governed by the conception that they possess. Gyroscope acts as a form of self serves and helps in keeping in line and consistent. Moreover, as the emphasis has been increasingly in the theory of symbolic interactionism, the motivation of individuals arises from verification of their self-sense before the eyes of others. The idea of identity

Reading Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Reading Response - Essay Example FK realizes two opposing sides in America and in the world, he increases the appreciation of his message to the audience by using rhetoric effectively. Kennedy welcomed the responsibility of dealing with friends and foes alike in order to become a global representation of peace. To achieve this, he shared his energy with the people and made each person in the audience realize that these goals were achievable once everyone played their role towards their achievement. Clearly, he shows the role each opposing force can play in order to solve problems affecting and bring peace to America and the world. This is clear when he states his idea by asking opposing nations to propose ways of controlling arms in order to "bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations† (Kennedy). Metaphorically, Kennedy appeals to his audience illustrating his vision for a world that respects freedom and liberation of people. In this regard, he voices his vision to help realize and respect freedom by offering "to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty" (Kennedy). This metaphor allows the audience to realize his vision of ending past injustices and becoming more aware of his vision in ensuring liberation of all people in the world. On the other hand, Kennedy shows intentions of ensuring justice in the world by telling dictators that, "those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside" (Kennedy). In conclusion, calling people to action remains the basis of the whole speech. However, his use of figure of speech is impressive and helps him put his message in such a way it resonates well with the audience. On the other hand, his message remains vital in the current world where conflicts are the order of the day. It is therefore important to ask whether America and the world can learn from this speech. In addition, is there any leader in the world who can currently rise and lead the

BORDER SURVEILLANCE USING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK Research Paper

BORDER SURVEILLANCE USING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK - Research Paper Example The troops guard the border according to prearranged route as well as the time interval (Ammari 12). Border patrol has widely depended on human participation. On the other hand, the relative cost for the growing number of workers as well as the retreating precision through human-only supervision has called for the contribution of high-tech devices in border patrol (Ammari 36). Amongst these, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for mid-air surveillance have lately been used to track routinely and detect track unlawful border crossing. Due to the outsized coverage as well as high mobility of the UAVs, the concentrated human participation in low-level surveillance practices can be minimized. In applications of border patrol, the established supervising network ought to cover a considerably large monitoring region. On the other hand, the radius of sensing of a single sensor node is usually limited. Consequently, many sensor nodes are expected to complete the coverage need. In addition, different kinds of sensor nodes like underground, camera, ground, and mobile sensors provide dissimilar coverage potentials. In addition, every sensor type has a special cost, sensing radius, as well as sensing accuracy (Aykanat54). As a result, a most favorable deployment approach is required to settle on the number along with locations of sensor nodes with varied capabilities. The primary objective of the deployment is to get the deployment tactic using the bare minimum number of each category of sensors to cover the entire surveillance area furthermore to accomplish desired intrusion detection likelihood. The aim is sensing the surroundings as well as communicating the findings to the data gathering center (Aykanat54). Most employment areas are envisaged for WSNs ranging from military surveillance to the monitoring of endangered species of animal populations. The research on the node placement together with coverage issues deals with effective use of

Importance of Looking at Debt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Importance of Looking at Debt - Essay Example NPV = 41.22 Q3#: Internal Rate of Return: Through interpolation: 11.5 41.22 x 0 15 -1062.96 IRR = 13.55 Pay Back Period: Payback Period = Number of years of full recovery + remaining cashflow / total cash flow Payback Period = 4+ 7424.6/10680.22 = 4.69 Years Q#4: Each cash inflow/outflow is discounted back to its PV. Then they are summed. Therefore Where t = the time of the cash flow n = the total time of the project r = the discount rate Ct = the net cash flow (the amount of cash) at time t. C0 = the capital outlay at the beginning of the investment time ( t = 0 ) What NPV tells With a particular project, if Ct is a positive value, the project is in the status of cash inflow in the time of t. If Ct is a negative value, the project is in the status of cash outflow in the time of t. Appropriately risked projects with a positive NPV should be accepted. This does not necessarily mean that they should be undertaken since NPV at the cost of capital may not account for opportunity cost, i.e. comparison with other available investments. In financial theory, if there is a choice between two mutually exclusive alternatives, the one yielding the higher NPV should be selected. The following sums up the NPV's various situations. NPV > 0 the investment would add value to the firm the project should be accepted NPV NPV = 0 the investment would neither gain nor lose value for the firm the project could be accepted because shareholders obtain required rate of return. This project adds no monetary value. Decision should be based on other criteria, e.g. strategic positioning or other factors not explicitly included in the calculation. The project of...The following sums up the NPV's various situations. NPV = 0 the investment would neither gain nor lose value for the firm the project could be accepted because shareholders obtain required rate of return. This project adds no monetary value. Decision should be based on other criteria, e.g. strategic positioning or other factors not explicitly included in the calculation. The project of this NPV is +ve and the IRR of this project, JPE should continue with the acquisition of Campbell. The IRR being greater than the cost of capital shows that the clearly shows that the project has a higher return than its cost. Therefore it should be accepted. There is no quick and easy way for investors to get a handle on a company's debt situation. But as a starting point, debt ratios offer a valuable method for assessing a company's fundamental health. Looked at in context and over time, debt ratios can offer valuable signals of deepening debt problems. Recognizing those situations can save investors a lot of money. While debt ratios tell investors little about a company's growth prospects or earning performance, these ratios are vital tools for gauging balance sheet durability. If, for instance, a recession or downward cyclical phase is on the way, balance sheet strength becomes more important for investors.

Individual Reflective Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Individual Reflective Report - Essay Example They came to this conclusion after one of the group members stated how the government imposes heavy excise duty on imported products. Members discussed conclusively and found out that the cost manufacturing these top cards is low due to availability of raw materials. Some of the members had the idea that, it was cheaper to import the top up cards but majority of the members rejected this idea arguing that it was time consuming. Recent statistics shows that the number of Chinese playing these online games has increased drastically. Chinese online games have improved the economy due to taxes imposed on such games. This company decided to sell these cards at a reasonable price to the Chinese players simply because internet-banking services in china are expensive (Jensen, 2012 p.12-37). The group also drafted the strategies on how to raise capital in order to venture in this business. Some argued that the business plan would help in getting loans either from the government or from non-go vernmental organizations. Although many ideas came up, no body discussed the negative impacts of this company to the society. This company will influence the local residents to play this games. This might bring negative impact to the local residents who do not have an idea on how to play these games. Process of Idea Initiation The teamwork in the business plan researched on several mechanisms that need review and thorough understanding of their behaviors. A group of the members took the responsibility of attending various seminars in the corporate world. Others decided to start reading journals and other relevant materials on how to make this company market its cards without problems. After thorough market research, the team realized that some of the ideas gathered are invalid and have no place in the corporate world of business. A section of the group lead by a renowned researcher deduced that internet and personal interviews gave immediate and timely response. Another collection o f experts gave their recommendations that customers should get informed information so that they can make informed choices. Generally, the whole idea rose at large and further steps taken to ensure that the best ideas take the day. Chinese internet games are becoming part of lifestyle in many parts of the country. This group business plan came up with financial estimates on how to make this happen. It is important to note that the team saw it important to present this in terms of a business plan so that sense in the whole idea can reveal itself. This balance sheet gives the real estimates on the utilization of resources. . All this ideas appears in a well compiled in book, which has a table of contents giving direction on how to go about it. This book has references, which are up to date depending on the research (Green, 2010, p.110-126). It has also given guidelines on how several ideas will come into effect with time and the impact it will have in the entire market. A business pla n that has some references act as a tool to monitor the activities and progress of the business. In my own understanding, a business plan can help this company to raise funds for its expansion hence serving many customers. This business plan will also help the company make future decisions comparing what is happening at the present. The business plan can act as a future reference to review the positive

Issues of Co-location of Fischer-Tropsch and Algae Plants in Thesis

Issues of Co-location of Fischer-Tropsch and Algae Plants in Alternative Jet Fuel Production - Thesis Example This is so because once contacted, the experts get enough time to respond to the questions when they find it convenient. The first people to be approached to collect information are Clearfuels Technology Inc. which is already in the demonstration process of the F-T processes to convert organic waste into fuels. The company was started in the year 998 at Aiea, Hawaii. The company engages in thermo-chemical conversion of various renewable feed-stocks into biofuels. The energy products include ethanol, hydrogen, electrical power, Fischer-Tropsch diesel and so on. The company works as a subsidiary of Rentech (ClearFuels). The next important company will be the Solena Fuels. It is a sustainable energy company which produces sustainable non-petroleum sources liquid fuels. It is a private company with its headquarters in Washington DC. From the website of the company, it is found that for questions and enquiries, the CFO of the company is to be contacted (Solena Fuels). In addition, the U.S Energy Information Administration will also be approached to collect information. Visiting the website, the contact information of the department will be collected. Thereafter, an email will be sent seeking permission to conduct an interview (U.S Energy Information Administration). Similar steps will be taken in the case of Solena Group too. Another important person is Robert Malina of the Laboratory for Aviation and Environment. The expert is engaged in the study of FT jet fuels. The contact information of the person will be collected by visiting the website of Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment (Laboratory for Aviation and Environment). In the email, the subject box will point out the purpose of mail. Thereafter, the body of the mail will contain details of the situation and purpose of interview. Thereafter, the mail will state the need to have first-hand information from an expert. Also, the mail will detail how I decided to

How does the artwork associated with the band Radiohead challenge Essay

How does the artwork associated with the band Radiohead challenge common ideologies in today's society - Essay Example ther fields, to the existence of propaganda and publicity; further, many sociologists have been able to show -- without specific reference to socio-musical society -- that there is less tendency for the public to become a crowd than to be swallowed up by the mass’. In other words, the music offered to the public can cause severe damages to the social framework of a particular society. At a next level, the above relationship is being used in order to justify the close relationship between music and media particularly in the modern society. From another point of view, the assumption that music can influence the public regarding a particular issue can lead to the hypothesis that media have the power to control the music presenting through them ensuring the protection of the consumers especially of the teenagers from possible severe psychological consequences – although such an result can be differentiated in accordance with the character and the personal thoughts of the pe rson involved. In this way, it has been regarded as justifiable to think that ‘the public and the mass are intermingled, a consequence of mass communication media; these media must not be overlooked in any modern study of music, and have, in fact, led to considerably increased difficulty in the observation of contemporary collective behaviour with regard to music’ (Silbermann, 1963, 192). Current paper examines the relationship between the music and the media regarding a particular band, Radiohead, one of the most known rock bands in the international music industry. More specifically, the issue under examination is the challenge set by Radiohead (by their artwork) towards the common ideologies as they have been recognized and applied in all states around the world. In accordance with the views of Freeden (1996, 87) ideologies are ‘groupings of decontested political concepts; the mutual influence of these concepts is paramountly affected by the specific morphologi cal arrangements that

International Economic History Since 1870 Essay

International Economic History Since 1870 - Essay Example The industrial and manufacturing base was strengthened with electrification and military expansion contributing towards strengthening the country’s economy through the development of a strong domestic base. The strength of Japan’s institutions played a significant role in the strength of its economy, so that even after the Second World War and subordination to the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, Japan was able to re-emerge as one of the strongest economies of the world (Allen 1981). Japan’s economy has demonstrated a remarkable rise as compared to other countries, and the period of significant economic growth has been marked by three spurts in growth in the 1910s, the 1930s and 1960s. There have been several reasons that have been proffered for the meteoric economic rise of Japan. Perhaps this can best be summed up in the words of one Japanese economist, â€Å"Japan is an example of a fantastically creative response to defeat†¦.[which] brought about †¦.a far greater scale of devastation in the economy of Japan, necessitating a fresh renovating start in almost every aspect.† (Tsuru, 1993, p 67) The long period of Tokugawa rule could be viewed as an isolationist state, or as some researchers have postulated a period of peace and stability that fostered initiatives by the State to improve economic conditions within the country (Ohkawa and Rosovsky, 1973). During the period of enforced isolation, the economy of Japan was inextricably linked with politics and the culture of the shogun and daimyo ensured that a strictly regulated internal system flourished within the country, which enabled sustained domestic growth. The role of the State in fostering economic growth has also been supported by Mosk(2001) and Minami (1994), who have highlighted the achievements of the Togukawa era , when there was a high level of urbanization

Software to Support Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Software to Support Assessment - Essay Example Donnelly, McGarr, & O’Reilly noted that in the quest to arrest the decline in the number of students taking science subjects in higher education the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment highlighted ‘the need to focus on investigative approaches, problem-solving, the assessment of practical work and the effective use of ICT.’ In light of this rapid injection of technology in the teaching and learning arena teachers need to be able to assess not only the software that is on the market for their use but the ability of the technology to effectively assess student learning. Consequently, there is a need to analyze the capacity of technology to facilitate assessment of students’ learning. Tomlinson emphasizes that there may be ‘assessment of learning, assessment for learning, and assessment as learning.’ Ultimately, Tomlinson suggests that assessment is most useful when it is seen as learning because it is then that it most informs the teac hing and learning process. She sees assessment as the ‘beginning of better instruction’. Assessment then is a vital part of the entire teaching learning process. This paper analyses how technology can facilitate both formative and summative assessment of student learning. ... Tomlinson observed that by the time she had given a final grade in a summative assessment the class would have been ‘moving on to a new topic’. She noted that this information could not be effectively utilized because the time for its effectiveness would have been gone. Thus, Tomlinson became ‘a devotee of formative assessment’ which would allow her to correct students’ faults in real time. Finally, Tomlinson views summative assessment as assessment of learning, and formative assessments as assessment for learning. It is difficult for the teacher to use technology for formative assessment since this process occurs almost spontaneously. Nonetheless, the use of the SMART board as highlighted by Debunker allows the teacher and the student to interact in real time. It is easier for summative assessment to be provided through technological means since these are standardized materials which may be given to all students at the end of the year. Using technolo gy to assess student learning is an emerging concepts as such there are a number of teething problems associated with its implementation. Hence, the use of technology to assess student learning brings with it several pros and cons. Technology allows teachers to analyze the scores of students at a faster rate. The use of assessment software allows for greater standardization across the districts. What is more, the students enjoy interacting with the technology. Thus, they will be more comfortable with the use of the technology than with traditional procedures. Two major concerns of the use of technology are the ‘quality’ and the cost of the materials. Williams, Boone, & Kingsley assert that teachers expect producers of educational material to be

Oppisition Arguments Essay Example for Free

Oppisition Arguments Essay Animals deserve the same rights as people because they can feel pain; therefore, everyone in the world should become vegetarians. Animals do not deserve the same rights as humans. If so then we should give plants and vegetables rights as well. We kill a lot more plants then we do animals, so I believe that everyone should eat strictly meat only. America should not act as a â€Å"World Policeman† because it has enough domestic issues of its own to deal with. Even though America has a lot bases throughout the world, this does not mean that we are the world Policeman. We are just helping our allies so we could keep trading with these countries for natural Resources. Immigration should be allowed without any caps because it brings in skilled workers and increases the cultural variety of American Society. If we decided to take the cap off on immigration then we can see a lot more businesses hiring cheaper labor which means the unemployment percentage will go up and cause us to have another great depression. Parents should never be held responsible for the crimes of their juvenile children because children should be held responsible for their own actions, even if it means trying them as an adult. Parents should be held responsible for their kids because it is their job to raise them and look after them. If they were watching their kids then their kids probably wouldn’t be committing crimes. Beauty pageants are a fantastic way for young girls to increase their self-esteem, practice public speaking and cultivate their talents. Beauty pageants are one of the worst places for young girls to increase self-esteem. You’re in a competition were all the contestants are trying to be the most beautiful of them all and will try to put you down to win.

Edgar Allan Poe Essay Example for Free

Edgar Allan Poe Essay Edgar Allan Poe, those who are familiar with that famous name always allow a chill to run down their spines when they hear it. Poe has always been known for his dramatic and eerie writing style that has entertained readers for centuries. Of course we, as the reader, believe it is simply his brillance that sends a cold shudder through our bodies as we curl up on the couch with The Raven or The Masque of the Red Death, but there is still something more that we can attribute to his writing style. The techniques Poe used in his many stories are what created the fantastic sensation of acutally being a part of the story. In the following paragraphs, I will discuss the chilling techniques this legendary figure, Edgar Allan Poe, used to rope in his reader into the horrible, grotesque, and disturbing world of Prince Pospero and the age of The Red Death. Poe provided us with three major techniques to lead us through this disquieting and disconcerting world that is the reality of Prince Prospero, Poe provided us with, setting, tone, and props. Simply using these three sutble yet powerful techniques, Poe has created an imaginative and mind-boggling universe. First of all, Poe introduced us with surreal, but profound imagery to paint the landscape and life of Prince Prospero and his friends. Setting, one of the most dominant techniques in this short story, can be find around every corner of Prince Prosperos dark maze. Poe described seven rooms that connected to each other in a sick and twisted maze. In order to leave this maze you had to walk through all seven rooms which ranged from color to color and when you finally reached the end you found yourself inside a room, closely shrouded in black velvet tapestries that hung all over the ceiling and down the walls, falling in heavy folds upon a carpet of the same material and hue. This obviously represented the room of the red death and the eventual downfall all the masqueraders would certainly meet.

Modern State System in International Relations

Modern State System in International Relations What is the most significant feature of the modern state and how has it shaped international relations? The core of the early modern period to vast histories of sovereignty and state formation is a topic mentioned in some of the work done by the most influential political theorists of the past century. However an attempt of understanding the nature of political consciousness requires a historical understanding of the theoretical evolution of the modern state itself. This, in turn, requires an understanding of earlier state formations and ideologies that has influenced the evolution (Nelson, 2006). In this essay, I will discuss the topic of the modern state, its significant feature and how modern state has shaped international relations. In discussing the features, this essay also aims to identify and define the term state, its components and how modern state transformed, followed by the main significant feature and its impact towards the new era of international relations. The modern state is believed to have risen between the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries in Europe, and later spread to the rest of the world through conquest and colonialism. This ideal of modern state comprises of four defining characteristics that is bureaucracy, legitimacy, territory, and sovereignty (external and internal). States uses these four characteristics to provide their citizens goods such as security, a legal system, and infrastructure (Drogus Orvis, 2014). A failed state or â€Å"weak state† is a state-like entity that cannot coerce and is unable to successfully control the inhabitants of a given territory (Clark Golder, 2012). They are incapable of providing these goods, and once a state has become weak, it loses effective sovereignty over part of its territory. The most definitive terms of state comes from the German political sociologist and economic historian Max Weber (1864–1920). Max Weber claims that â€Å"the state is human community that successfully claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory†. He argued that â€Å"the state cannot be defined in terms of its ends and ultimately, one can define the modern state only in terms of the specific means peculiar to it, as to every political association, namely, the use of physical force† (Weber, 1958) . There are two recent definitions of a state, the first by a sociologist named Charles Tilly and the second is by the Nobel-laureate economist, Douglass North. According to Tilly, states are â€Å"relatively centralized, differentiated organizations, the officials of which, more or less, successfully claim control over the chief concentrated means of violence within a population inhabiting a large contiguous territory† (Tilly, 1985). On the other hand, Douglas North says that â€Å"a state is an organization with a comparative advantage in violence, extending over a geographic area whose boundaries are determined by its power to tax constituents† (North, 1981). There are three components to the modern state comprises of territory, people and central government. Territory comprises of the element on which its other elements exist. People are every territorial unit that participates in international relations supports human life. Central government is the members of the st ate designated as its official representatives. Some of the significant features of modern state may be the dominant form of political authority and imagination today but it has taken many and specific forms across the world without completely removing or overruling older languages of power and public authority. According to Weber, the modern statemonopolizesthe means of legitimate physical violenceover awell-defined territory. Monopoly on force– has the right and ability to use violence, in legally defined instances, against members of society, or against other states. Legitimacy/authority– its power is recognized by members of society and by other states as based on law and some form of justice. Territoriality– the state exists in a defined territory (which includes land, water and air) and exercises authority over the population of that territory. Sovereignty the idea that there is a final and absolute authority in the political community’, with the proviso that ‘no final and absolute authority exists elsewhere. Constitutionality Impersonal power The public bureaucracy Citizenship (Pierson, 1996) The most significant feature of modern state is undoubtedly the monopoly on force. All states will at least use the threat of force to organize public life. The fact that dictatorships might use force should not hide the fact that state rule in democracies is based on the threat of force (Mandisodza, 2012). This explains why North and Tilly only claim that states must have a â€Å"comparative advantage in violence† or have control â€Å"over the chief concentrated means of violence†. More important than the actual monopolization of violence may be the inauguration of a unitary order of violence. Violence and the threat of violence continued to be a chronic feature of the daily life (Pierson, 1996). A state is more than a government. A state is the medium of rule over a defined or sovereign territory. It is comprised of an executive, a bureaucracy, courts and other institutions. In a broad sense, any polity, any politically organised society, can be viewed as a state and various criteria can be used to distinguish between different kinds of state. However, according to Phillip Bobbit, state loses its legitimacy when it can no longer fulfil the function of maintaining, nurturing and improving the condition of its citizen (Axtmann, 2004). Some of the highlighted developments that was identified as essentially undermining the legitimizing premise of the nation-state to improve the wellbeing of the people were; first, the recognition of human rights as norms that require adherence within all states regardless of their internal laws; second, the development of weapons of mass destruction that render the defence of state borders ineffectual; third, the proliferation of global and tran snational threats that no nation-state alone can control or evade; fourth, the growth of global capitalism, which curtails the capacity of states for economic management; and, fifth, the creation of a global communications network that penetrates borders and threatens national languages, customs, and cultures (Bobbitt, 2002). These developments and the loss of legitimacy of nation-state, has led to a new constitutional order, which is the modern state. Changing  interpretations of the modern state  would certainly provoke conflicting views of sovereignty in the context of international relations. Modernization has brought a series of benefits to people such as equal treatment of people with different backgrounds and incomes, lower infant mortality rate, lower starvation-caused death, lower cases of fatal diseases, and so on. However, there are also the negative sides of modernity pointed out by sociologists and others. Technological development and environmental problems such as pollution are another negative impact of modernity. Additionally, the declining definitions of human nature, human dignity, and the lack of value in human life have all been indicated as the impact of a social process/civilization that reaps the fruits of growing privatization, as well as a loss of traditional values and worldviews. Because states needed to acquire greater wealth to finance military and political endeavours, a competitive state system b ased on the support of wealthy aristocrats emerged. This also contributed to the rise of mercantilism, and, ultimately, a modern capitalist economy (Farr, 2005). In conclusion, while many of these features of modern state have been rendered, histories seem to suggest those aspects may not be simple exceptions to the essential characteristics of modernization, but mandatory parts of it. As we approach the end of an era of a politically sovereign nation-state, we are also beginning to recognize that state’s self-sufficiency is hard to achieve. As a result, modern wars were categorised into two, either imperialistic wars designed to allow powerful states to become more self-sufficient by taking control of populations, territories and resources to be used for that purpose, or nationalist wars designed to reunite parts of the nation with the national state (Elazar). What is needed is a new kind of imperialism that is adequate to a world of human rights and cosmopolitanism value. Yet the weak still need the strong, and the strong still need an orderly world, in which an efficient and well-governed export stability and liberty, and openness f or investment and growth seem eminently desirable. But it leaves many question unanswered, and above all we are still left wondering how different states will be in the future. References Ahmad, R.E., Eijaz, A., 2011, â€Å"Modern Sovereign State System is under Cloud in the Age of Globalization†, South Asian Studies – A Research Journal of South Asian Studies, Vl.26, No.2, pp.85-297 Axtmann, R., 2004, â€Å"The State of the State: The Model of the Modern State and its Contemporary Transformation†, International Political Science Review, Vol.25, No.3, pp.259-279 Bobbitt, P., 2002, â€Å"The Shield of Achilles: War, Peace and the Course of History†, London: Allen Lane. Bobbitt, P., 2002, The Archbishop is Right: The Nation-State is Dying, The Times Clark, W.R., Golder, M., Golder, S.N., 2012, â€Å"Chapter 4: The Origins of the Modern State†, Principles of Comparative Politics, Vol. 2, pp1-66 Closson, S, Kolsto, P, Seymour, L.J.M., Caspersen, N, 2013, â€Å"Unrecognized States: The Strugge for Sovereignty in the Modern International System†, Nationalities Paper: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity, Routledge Publishing, Vol.41, pp.1-9 Drogus, C.A., Orvis, S., 2014, â€Å"Chapter 3: The Modern State†, Introducing Comparative Politics: The Modern State, Sage Publication CQ Press, 2nd Edition Farr, J., 2005, â€Å"Point: The Westphalia Legacy and The Modern Nation-State†, International Social Science Review, Vol. 80, Issue 3/4, pp.156-159 Mann, M, 1993,â€Å"A Theory of The Modern State†, The Sources of Social Power Volume 2, The Rise of Classes and Nation States 1760-1914, Cambridge University Press, Vol.2, pp.44-89 Morris, C.W, â€Å"The Modern State†, Handbook of Political Theory, Sage Publications, pp.1-16 Nelson, B.R, 2006, â€Å"State and Ideology† The Making of the Modern State – a Theoretical Evolution, Palgrave Macmillan, pp.1-177 Netzloff, M., 2014,â€Å"The State and Early Modernity†, Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies, University of Pennsylvania Press, Vol. 14, No.1, pp.149-154. North, D.C., 1981, â€Å"Structure and Change in Economic History†, New York: W. W. Norton Company. Pierson, C, 1996, â€Å"The Modern State: The Second Edition†, Routledge Taylor Francis Group, pp.1-206 Sidaway, J.D., 2013, â€Å"The Topology of Sovereignty†, Geopolitics, Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Vol.18, No.4, pp.961-966 Tilly, C., 1985, â€Å"War Making and State Making as Organized Crime† Peter Evans, Dietrich Rueschmeyer, Theda Skocpol (eds.), Bringing the State Back In, New York Cambridge University Press. Weber, M, 1958 [1918]. â€Å"Politics as a Vocation†, Weber: Essays in Sociology, New York Oxford University Press. pp. 77-128. Chapter 3: The Modern State, http://www.chsbs.cmich.edu/fattah/courses/introPolSc/ch03state.htm Conflict Resolution and Sustainable Peace Building – The Post Modern State,http://www.world-governance.org/article86.html?lang=en Mandisodza, G.J.T., 2012, â€Å"Chapter 4: The Origins of a Modern State†, https://files.nyu.edu/sln202/public/chapter4.pdf The Problem with Sovereignty: The Modern States Collision with the International Law Movement, http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Articles/Special-Feature/Detail/?id=135613contextid774=135613contextid775=135611 The Rise and Fall of the Modern State System, http://www.jcpa.org/dje/articles/risefall-state.htm#top 1

Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited Ptcl

Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited Ptcl Introduction: Currently, the business environment is facing challenges related to globalization and human resource. As global competition intensifies, and industries have become more intensive towards skill, the demand for talent, knowledge and skill-based workers is increasing. Due to this, companies and organizations are adopting sophisticated and high-end recruitment and selection strategies in order to get the right employee for the right position at the right time. As a result, e-recruitment had emerge and become more easy, accessible and efficient than the traditional methods (Tong Sivanand, 2005). The Internet Business Network, a US recruiting consulting firm, reported that the number of worldwide websites which contain job listing had increased from 500 to 200,000. In addition, the number of rà ©sumà ©s being posted and uploaded in e-recruitment websites had increased from 100,000 in 1995 to 2.5 million in 1998. According to the Forrester Researchs study, a total of 124,000 companies will be recruiting online (cited in Harvard Update, 2000). E-Recruitment in Pakistan In Pakistan today, online job searching had become very popular. This is because of the popularity of the Internet. Online job postings started in 1990, when different IT companies and universities begin to use the Internet in extensive manner. The first reference to online recruitment emerged in the mid-1980s, and the systematic reference to online recruitment in the HR began 10 years after mid-1990s. During the two years of existence, there are more or less 3,000 companies to use online career centres (OCC), or known as online job portals (Rehman Khan, 2010). Access to the Internet had been available in Pakistan since the early 1990s. PTCL was one of the companies in the country to take advantage of the benefits and advantages of the Internet, by offering different Internet services via nation-wide local call network. Currently, the Internet had become a vital part of the nation, particularly for the younger generation (Rehman Khan, 2010). In a qualitative, open-ended survey, 30 senior executives were interviewed to identify the existing HR trends in the IT industry of Pakistan. The result showed that 43% of the respondents prefer online vacancy posting or online posting in order to select and recruit candidates. Furthermore, 80% of the entire population chose rozee.pk as the main destination for online head-hunters, while the remaining 20% consists of theritemoves.com, bayt.com, yahoo groups, meramustakbil.com and LinkedIn, which are considered as the secondary destinations (Pervaz, 2009). Context of the Study: Recent study, in 1999, survey conducted in order to analyze the trends and development of online job searching processes in the job market of the country. The result of the study shows that time-saving is the primary motivator for Internet job searching, followed by, researching a wide area of jobs, providing global coverage, ease, and cost-saving. Thus, it shows that the Internet had been a very important means or channel of finding jobs for fresh graduates and jobholders (Rehman Khan, 2010). These are the primary reasons why the popularity of e-recruitment service providers is increasing. However, the study of Kin Tong Sinavanand (2005) showed that even though the revenues of e-recruiters are growing in rapid manner, their profits are still elusive. Reasons for Selecting the Research Environment: As stated in the proposed title, I choose Pakistan for its research environment. The primary reason behind, this is because I been located in the said country, thus, it will be feasible and accessible for me, because the respondents or the primary data can be accessed within the vicinity, and thus, cultural and ethical factors will not be a great factor. Nature of Organization or Case Study: Pakistani Telecommunications Company Limited (PTCL) was incorporated in Pakistan on December 31, 1995. The organization commenced business on January 1, 1996. It is listed an all of the three stock exchange in Pakistan. The company was established in order to undertake the telecommunication business that was first offered by Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation (PTC). The business was transferred to PTCL on January 1, 1996 under the Pakistan Telecommunication (Reorganization) Act, 1996, which enable the company to take all of its resources, which include properties, rights, assets, obligations and liabilities of PTC, expect those that have been transferred to the National Telecommunication Corporation (NTC), Frequency Allocation Board (FAB), Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) and Pakistan Telecommunication Employees Trust (PTET) (Forex PK 2010). PTLC was chosen by the author because it is considered as one of the largest and biggest companies in the country. Currently, it is servicing innovations and technologies towards millions of people, improving their life. In 2010, the PTCL Group declared its 2009 revenue of Rs 49.4 billion, which was higher by 6%, compare with the last year (Forex PK 2010). Literature Review: There are vast literatures which tackle the issue of e-recruitment. However, most of these literatures mainly focus on the different advantages and benefits of e-recruitment inside different organizations. The study of Online recruitment connects 3 with top talent: HR specialist can learn a lot from marketing reveals how mobile-telephone company 3 is applying its e-recruitment in order to attract top talent in a highly competitive market. The study shows that e-recruitment had helped to increase the efficiency, easiness as well as speed of the hiring process, which made it easier for the managers to handle huge volumes of applications and interviews. The result also shows that there have been a great change in the recruitment process in the company, compared before, when the company was using combination of Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and Outlook in recruitment management. Thus, it had helped in order to improve the employer brand by the improvement of the application experience (25 26). The result was supported with the case study of Superdrug, a UK health and beauty retailer which focuses on describing the weaknesses of the paper and e-mail based recruitment system that the company used to apply. The result shows that the entire recruitment process has become quicker, more efficient and the company experienced 87% savings in using e-recruitment (2007, 26 28). The same result was experienced by Nike, a leading manufacturer of shoes and sports apparel, with the introduction of e-recruitment in Europe, Middle East and Asia (EMEA) headquarters of the company. The result shows that there 54% savings upon the introduction of the system, at the same time, the average time in filling up vacancies has fallen from 62 to 42 days (Anon, 2005). The study of Zafar, Shaukat and Mat (2010) about the e-human resource management practices inside State Bank of Pakistan of 37 employees, shows that e-HRM, together with e-recruitment, were applied and used inside the organization in order to acquire efficiency and effectiveness. In addition, the survey also showed that the employees and possible employees were satisfied with the current implementation of the system inside the organization. Thus, it enables the entire HRM department and the Bank to take advantage of IT in order to work with the different transactions related with HRM, particularly recruitment, selection and hiring. On the other hand, the study of Kin Tong (2009) enables to show some of the possible risks or hindrances in the success of e-recruitment implementation in an organization. Using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Perceived Privacy Risk (PPR), Performance Expectancy (PE), Application-Specific Self-Efficacy (ASSE) and Perceived Stress (PS) as key external factors, the author analyzes the perceptions and behaviours of the jobseekers towards the e-recruitment adoption in Malaysia. The result shows few key determinants to the adoption of technology. Many studies show that the acceptance of the technology, perceived risk and acceptance and job pressure of both employees (HR and IT department of companies) and the applicants are the major issues and challenges which affect the success of implementation of e-recruitment system. First, according to Lin Stansinskaya (2002) the lack of knowledge of e-recruitment of the HR community as well as the limited commitment of senior managers towards the system can greatly affect the quantity and quality of the candidates using the application (3). In addition, like any other application of the Internet, its users are concerned with the issue of confidentiality of important personal information. As a result, it hinders the openness of the applicants or candidates to use e-recruitment system (Kerrin Kettley 2003). On the other hand, Lin Stasinskaya (2004) imposed that companies are somewhat reluctant in using e-recruitment because of the issues regarding the accuracy, verifiability and accou ntability of the information about the applicants, which might limit the diversity among applicants. In addition, Lin Stasinskaya further argue that lack of personal interactions in the process of online employment applications can cause limitations in communication flow between the candidates and the employers, which lead to the frustration on the part of the candidates and the missed opportunities for the employer to gather more important information. Above all, the study of Stanton (1999) shows that e-recruitment can cause threat towards equal opportunity, because it may hamper the efforts of the organization in promoting diversity in their workforce. This is because; according to Sharf (2000) there are still vital differences in the percentage of households which possess Internet access within the poor community and disabled people. Even though, there are different researches which focus on the advantages and disadvantages of e-recruitment for organizations and individual career hunters, thus, there are numbers of research which mainly focus on the case of Malaysia, UK and the United States, there are few, if none, which focus on the case of Pakistan. This is very important because, it is vital to investigate further the impact of technology gap in the effectiveness of e-recruitment towards organizations and candidates for employment. Questions and Hypotheses: The study intended to answer the question: What are the barriers to implement e-recruitment or online recruitment system in Pakistan? And, how can these barriers can be overcome? In line with this, the study will work on the following assumptions: User acceptance of technology can lead to loss of money and resources and failure of e-recruitment system in Pakistan; Perceived risk and perceived acceptance can affect the decisions of organizations in Pakistani in deciding about implementation of e-recruitment; and Job pressure towards the staffs can affect the success of e-recruitment inside the organization. Aims and Objectives: The main aim of the study is to explore the different factors that can affect or influence the successful implementation of e-recruitment tools in Pakistani organizations. In line with this, the following will be the objectives of the study: To analyze the readiness of Pakistani business environment in implementation of e-recruitment systems in different organizations; To identify the different issues faced by hiring managers in Pakistan; To analyze how e-recruitment system can solve the problems and issues in recruitment process in Pakistan; and To recommend different processes and procedures on successful implementation of e-recruitment system in Pakistan. Methods Chosen This study will gather both textual and numerical data from the selected population of respondents. Thus, it will employ qualitative and quantitative method. With this, survey interview and questionnaire will be used in order to gather primary information. Questionnaire will be delivered and conducted towards the respondents with the supervision of the researcher, in order to prevent disadvantage of self-administered questionnaire. On the other hand, due to financial and time aspect, interview will be conducted via phone. Generally, this study will be descriptive in nature. This will focus on analyzing the current problem by focusing on the responses of the respondents. According to Creswell (1994), it will focus on presenting facts about the nature and status of a given situation as it exists during the time of the study, therefore, it will be helpful in analyzing the connections and practices that exists, beliefs that are ongoing, effects that are being felt and even trends that ar e being developed (Best 1970). As a result, it can help in order to describe the present or existing conditions and conditions based on the perceptions and opinions of the respondents of the study (Creswell, 1994). In general, descriptive studies not only focus on supply of knowledge regarding the different variabilities and regularities, but also stimulate the investigators to focus on the definition of master terms in unequivocal manner (Vallier, 1973, 217). In addition, this study will examine and explore the problems and questions by taking cross section of it one time using cross-sectional study (Rubin Babbie, 2009). With this, it can offer great advantage and benefits towards the researcher, because the research can be taken or implemented in a short period of time. Furthermore, because the topic, problems and questions associated with the study does not demand long-time observations and analysis, this method is of great use. In addition, case study will be used in the study . Case study are considered as set in temporal, geographical, organizational, institutional and other context which enable boundaries to be drawn around the said case, thus it can be defined by individuals and groups that are involved, together with their roles and functions in the case (Cohen, Manion Morrison, 2003, 182). Data Collection Methods Survey questionnaire and interview will be implemented. The name of the respondents to join the research will be chosen in random manner. The names of the entire population of the selected case will be listed in strips of paper, and then will be drawn. A total of 60 employees will be selected to answer the questionnaire administered by the researcher. Because the researcher believes that he/she will be taking working times of the respondents, the questionnaire will be employ closed questions. This is the type of question which all of the possible answers are identified and the respondents are asked to choose one of the answers. This was chosen because it will be beneficial both for the respondents and the researcher. It is easier to administer, easier and quicker to record the respondents and easier to code. In addition, its major disadvantages, which are the inability to raise new issues, will be complemented by the interview process. Out of the 60 employees, 10 will be selected in order to undergo interview. Unlike the survey questionnaire, the interview will employ open questions in order to raise new important issues regarding the problem of the study. The schedule of the interview will be dependent towards the availability of the respondents. Because of financial and time issues, phone interview will be implemented. Analysis Data analysis will be done in two ways: mathematical and document analysis. In document analysis, different information gathered from past literatures, articles, studies as well as annual reports and newspaper articles about the case will be analyzed, which will be used in order to support the mathematical result of the study, together with the interview result. On the other hand, the answers by the respondents in the survey questionnaires will be encoded in the SPSS, a statistical computer application, which will help the researcher to easily analyze the result of the survey. The following are the statistical formulas to be used: Percentage to determine the magnitude of the responses to the questionnaire. n % = x 100 ; n number of responses N N total number of respondents Weighted Mean f1x1 + f2x2 + f3x3 + f4x4 + f5x5 x = -; xt where: f weight given to each response x number of responses xt total number of responses Quality Issues: Reliability, Validity and Generasability of Intended Work: The concerns of the researcher upon the collection of data focus on the means of measuring the instruments: validity and reliability of the instrument used. Reliability pertains on the estimation of internal consistency which pertains on the level to which the sum of scores from a given set of items correspondents to the scores that would be obtained from a parallel set, which include the equal number of items which measure the same phenomenon. On the other hand, validity pertains on the estimate of the extent to which the data measure what is intended to be measure (Brewer Ware 2002). Thus, in order to maintain validity of the instruments to be used in the study, initial survey of 5 respondents will be done, they will not be included in the final data gathering procedure. The participants will be asked regarding the different parts of the questionnaire which needed changes. Thus, with accordance to their demands, the questionnaire will be changed in order to ensure that it will be easily understood and answered by the future respondents. Sample Frame The primary data will be gathered from the IT and HRM department of PTCL. A total of 50 respondents are targeted in this study, which include HR officers, IT staffs and newly hired employees (hired via the e-recruitment process). The names of the respondents will be chosen in random selection manner, which will help in order to prevent bias from the personal opinion and perception of the researcher towards the respondents. The name of the entire population of the said three groups will be listed in strips of paper and will be drawn by the researcher; this process is called the lottery. Ethical Issues The probable ethical issues in the study are informed consent and confidentiality. First, it is important to consider that right to privacy follows from the assumption that autonomous individuals have to right to make decisions regarding their lives, together with the information and data that are related to it. Therefore, it is the decision of the respondents if he or she will want to participate in the study. Even though the use of informed consent will be helpful, it is not considered as a panacea for the ethical problems. Therefore, this research will inform the participants of the study ahead of time, regarding the different information and aspects of the study, which will help in order for them to be informed, thus clarify future misconceptions and misunderstanding (Kitchener, 2000). Another important issue is confidentiality, this pertains not just towards the actual use of the data, but also in the process of gathering of data how the interview questions and survey questions are constructed. The researcher will not disclose personal information of the respondents, thus, the information gathered from the respondents will be used solely for the assessment. Benefits of the Study The proposed study will be very beneficial towards different types of organization, particularly, to those from the telecommunication industry. Overall, this will be helpful in analyzing and evaluating the different factors that are related to he e-recruitment process, particularly its advantages and disadvantages, which can help the most important resource in any business human resource. Limitations of the Study The main limitation of this paper focuses on the time that the author will spend in analyzing the case. Due to this, it had affected the methodologies, approaches and tools to be used in order to gather primary and secondary data. Consequently, this will have an impact towards the results and findings of the study. Primarily, this study will be limited to one organization. It is important to consider that each and every organization, in different sector or industry is unique in their own way, due to the different internal and external factors affect the organization. This is particularly important in the case of e-recruitment, because it will have to focus on the economic, social, technological and policy aspect of the macro-environment setting of the company. Conclusion Just like all of the countries in the world, Pakistan had been affected, and is continuously being affected by the Internet and globalization. Thus, it also affects how people seek jobs for money and daily living, and how companies look for useful people in order to achieve their organization goals and objectives. It can be applied in the case of PTCL, wherein the company strive for the better in order to improve their human resource management process, to catch the biggest fishes in the sea of pool of striving candidates.