Obesity In Latino Children Essay - 1717 Words

Obesity and Overweight in Latino Children The review paper â€Å"Factors Associated with Obesity in Latino Children: A Review of the Literature† by Melanie L. Kornides, Panagiota Kitsantas, and Antonia M. Villarruel discusses the collective findings of studies performed on the weight and lifestyles of Latino children from between the years 1998 and 2010. A range of influencing factors is covered, including acculturation, environment, diet, activity, and genetics. This article shows the flaws in some of the studies and proves that much work is left to be done in terms of researching root causes of obesity. Quite a few of the connections were deemed to be positive in one study, yet negative in another. There†¦show more content†¦Interpersonal On the interpersonal level, parents could set up play groups with other children in the area. It may be a good idea to start a garden and get their children involved with the preparation of their own food, particularly for low-income families who may not otherwise be able to afford much fresh produce. This would allow the child to see exactly where their food came from and if they are a child who is not so keen on eating their vegetables, the knowledge that they put in a lot of effort into growing and preparing that food might make them more likely to want to at least try it. Having set limits on screen time or times of day when the children are required to be outdoors could be beneficial to a healthier BMI as well. Institutional On an institutional level, having schools provide healthy lunch options and remove high fat and high sugar foods from vending machines would be helpful. It would give the children at least one area where, if they are buying lunch from the school, their food will always be nutrient dense. Instituting mandatory nutrition courses at schools would educate the children on what they should be eating and explain why, making it more likely that they would change their eating habits since they will be able to understand why healthy eating is important. Performing a survey on the children of what their favorite sports or outdoor activities are would be aShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Playing Video Games On Adolescents1554 Words   |  7 PagesAhyoung Song Professor Christina Collins English 1004 23 November 2016 Adolescents Playing Video Games An Issue Analysis Essay Introduction: Are there people who have never played video games at least once in their adolescence? You might recall some happy memories of playing video games with your best friends or that your parents punished you because you spent a lot of time playing video games. 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Although Morin (1988) criticizes the curriculum content these writers propose as too myopic, I suggest that the development of an elemental movement vocabulary has a wider purpose, that

Annual Performance Review Performance- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theAnnual Performance Reviewfor Performance Management. Answer: Introduction The annual performance reviews adapted by various organizations all over the world has been criticized by several scholars as they consider that the method is not sufficiently effective for the performance management of the employees. In this essay, three essays will be discussed to find out whether there is any other method to increase the employee performance level in order to benefit the organizations. Discussion In the first article, Looking Forward to Performance Improvement: A Field Test of the Feed forward Interview for Performance Management by Marie Hlne Budworth, Gary P. Latham, And Laxmikant Manroop, the authors have questioned the usefulness of the performance appraisal interview as the other scholars researching in this field have indicated previously that most of the time these interviews can be negative towards the performance of an employee. Therefore, another methodology has been derived from the previous researches, feed forward interview. The primary purpose of this is to grow a knowledge base of the best practice of the employees in future through a discourse between the employee and the manager. As this methodology has still not been developed to be implemented in various organizations, this research has been experimented the outcome of the fee forward interview and the conventional performance appraisal. Principally the feed forward interview has been derived from the theory of appreciative inquiry (Budworth, Latham and Manroop 2015). This concept refers to the constructive psychological movement and focus on the strength, value and success of the discourse which can be transformational. Therefore, this interview may indicate to a positive change in the employee behavior. This interview also indicates to the improvement of personal behavior between the manager and the employee. The authors have stated that the adjustment of the feed forward interview is guided by four theoretical reflections. Firstly, the employee is asked to recall an incident of his or her successful performance, secondly, the manager focuses on the incidents where both the organization and the employee has been benefitted from the outstanding performance without having any kind of conflict of interests. Thirdly, this practice is also related with understanding the message of the employee and finally the motivation al force of the cognitive inconsistency is used to create the behavioral motivation. For this research, twenty five managers of the customer service and sales team of a business firm in Canada had participated with one hundred forty five employees of the firm. The outcome of the field work has suggested that the feed forward interview has boosted the performance of the employee than the feedback based conventional interviews (Budworth, Latham and Manroop 2015). Therefore, it may be considered as a useful method for the human resource team in any organization who are looking for ways to increase the performance level of their employees. When the fast forward interview has been implemented in a practical situation, the researchers have realized that the managers need a systematic training for conducting the interview. Through the feed forward interview the managers need to set a goal for the employees. They are required to create a mental link between a particular scenario in future a nd a desired response of the goal. These interviews may refer to the individual goals of the employees; therefore the managers can search for situations that fit in that framework. However, there are few limitations to the future implementation of the feed forward interview for instance; this can only be effective in situations where the manager and the employee both have certain focus and goals. The individual efficacy should also be measured beforehand (Budworth, Latham and Manroop 2015). However, even if there are various limitations in the process, the authors have referred that the feed forward interview increases the performance of the employees to a great level. It may also improve the individual relationships between the authority and the employees and may mitigate some of the negative impacts of the conventional feedback based performance appraisal process. Therefore it can be derived from the article that feed forward interviews create a positive atmosphere for the employe es. The other performance reviews have been criticized several times for being unproductive for the further boost of the employee performances; however this process seems to be effective for the employees. In the second article, Only 55 Percent of Employees Feel As Though Performance Management Appraisals Are Effective by Dan Pontefract, the author has reviewed the past researches done on performance management conducted between the year 2000 and 2011. However, he has indicated that most of the researches had stated that around forty four percent of the organizations make an effective usage of technology for delivering the performance management. Even after years of development of technology, most of the organizations do not consider the performance management tools. Considering the other studies on the topic, around fifty five percent of the respondents think that the performance development process has a positive impact on the organization, but twenty eight percent of them had believed that their organizations already have an effective tool for performance management. Considering the 2000 and 2014 reports of the human resource professional the author has indicated that there have not been many changes in fourteen years. Around fifty three percent of the employees had graded their organizations as C+ to B and only two per cent of employees have given an A in the performance management (Pontefract 2015). Therefore, it can be said that there is a clear gap between the expectations of the employees and the deliverables of the organization. The primary issue with the improvement of performance management is that the employees do not really want their performance to get managed (Pontefract 2015). The organizations should look beyond the literal meaning of the term. The term rather indicates that the employees need open, regular and useful conversations that can enhance their work procedure and allover performance. This may occur on a weekly or monthly basis. Having an annual performance review session would not help the employees or their motivation lev el. However, the research has indicated that most of the organizations, around fifty two per cent of the organizations conduct an annual review and less than a quarter of the organizations actually follow the advanced technological tools to have an insight of their employees and measure their effectiveness. Moreover, researches have suggested that the organizations should review their performance management technique and consider the advanced technology for further improvement. In the last article, Reinventing Performance Management by Marcus Buckingham and Ashley Goodall, authors indicate that Deloitte has realized from the internal feedbacks from the employees that they need an individual session of the systemic performance management process. Therefore, the company has also realized that the annual meeting or the annual goals are not much effective for enhancing the performance level anymore. Therefore, the company came to a point where they have the new approach that is capable of shifting the amount of time the managers spend behind the close door, talking about the potential outcome of the process. Rather now they are considering focusing on the future and improving each individual performance. This approach focuses more on having an insight on the quarterly or weekly performance measurement of the employees to keep their performance level consistent (Buckingham and Goodall 2015). The company has also reviewed their yearlong performance measurement pr ocesses beginning from 1990s. However, the primary purpose of the research was to identify whether the company realizes the genuine need of the performance measurement process. Three objectives were articulated, the most prominent being the recognition of the performance through different compensations. The internal survey also indicates the immediate supervisors also have a huge impact on the recognition of the individual performance. Therefore the management has planned to have a review from the team leaders after a certain point of time. However, most of the feedback and internal surveys indicated that something is missing in the entire infrastructure of the company relating to the performance management of the employees. Therefore, the redesigned performance management tool enhances the performance snap shots that included four criteria regarding the pay, teamwork, poor performance and promotion and tested the employees through this process (Buckingham and Goodall 2015). This method is a transparent one as these may reveal the true results regarding the thoughts of the team leaders. Therefore these can be aggregated in the annual performance measurement. Through this method, the team leaders will check the performance of their team members on a weekly basis and it will be convey ed to the higher management. By this check-ins, the team leaders can explore the individual weakness and strength of the employees by utilizing the self assessment technique. The company has a hope of having a transparent and fair data about their employees by using this unidirectional performance measurement tool. Conclusion From the above discussion, one can find three different performance management methods. However, amongst those, I consider the feed forward interview to be the most effective one. This method has been primarily derived from the Appreciative Inquiry that is a broad organizational intervention. In this method, the interviewer or the manager creates an atmosphere that lets the subordinate create a positive outlook and a success story. They confirm their own contribution to the organization. Also, in this procedure the managers are expected to have an active listening skill. Through this process the management can find out the deep rooted requirements of the employees and find out the meaningful contributions to the organization. As an outcome of that the annual performance review becomes less relevant, as the feed forward interviews lead the management see the interconnections that make a successful project and benefits the organization. This method may be unlikely to the conventional p erformance review process but it replicates the work environment and enhances higher performance within the organization. Therefore it can also be derived that even if the annual performance reviews have been criticized most of the times, the feed forward interview can be considered to be an effective one for boosting the employee performance. Reference List Buckingham, M. and Goodall, A. (2015). Reinventing Performance Management. Harvard Business Review. Budworth, M., Latham, G. and Manroop, L. (2015). LOOKING FORWARD TO PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT: A FIELD TEST OF THE FEEDFORWARD INTERVIEW FOR PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT. Vol. 54,(No. 1.), pp.Pp. 4554. Pontefract, D. (2015). Only 55 Percent of Employees Feel As Though Performance Management Appraisals Are Effective. [online] Available at: https://https://www.forbes.com/sites/danpontefract/2015/03/31/only-55-percent-of-employees-feel-as-though-performance-management-appraisals-are-effective/#53d030ee3ac7 [Accessed 13 May 2017].

Knowledge Audit for Business Analysis †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Knowledge Audit for Business Analysis. Answer: Introduction The term strategy refers to the plan that is developed by an organization in order to meet its long-term goals. The strategy or the strategic plan incorporated by a particular organization provides direction and widens the scope of an organization for the achievement of the projected goals in the future through the arrangement of the resources of the organization according to the proposed strategy by the management of the organization (Eden and Ackermann 2013). Strategic Management Strategic management essentially refers to the process of listing the major goals of an organization by the top level management of the organization and the alignment of such goals with the primary objectives of the organization. The companys top management order, lists or identifies the goals of the organization on the basis of availability of the organizational resources and examination of the external and the internal environment in which the particular organization is operating (Peppard and Ward 2016). Strategic management involves both planning for the certain and predictable events in that may arise in the future as well as events that are uncertain or are labeled as contingent liability by business. The management carrying out the strategic management should have thorough knowledge about the internal proceedings of business and the external environment in which the business operates. The external environment refers to the fellow competitors and the respective strategies adopted by those competitors. Accurate analysis of the strategies incorporated by these competitor firms, help the top-level management to successfully execute the strategic management of the organization (Hill, Jones and Schilling 2014). The strategic management of business helps the employees of the particular organization to get an overview into their individual roles and responsibilities so that they understand how their respective jobs fit into the entire organizational plan. Essentially, the strategic management of the organization, help in improving the quality of the environment in which the employees operate as they get a clear understanding of what the organization expects from them and the exact plan to execute the assigned task (Wheelen and Hunger 2017). The four perspectives for developing a strategy are as follows: Design lens this involves following of a plan that has been developed from the organizational point of view. Experience lens - the business strategy developed using this perspective involves utilization of the technique that is based on past performance of the firm or experience acquired through years of operation. Innovation (ideas) lens this strategic management perspective is dependent on business process innovation. Politics the political aspect of the firm involves development of the strategic plan that is done by the different interest groups of the organization that utilize the organizational resources for the achievement of the desired outcomes. Conclusion Therefore, the information obtained from the above discussion is that strategic management is an imperial part of the managerial process and aids the managers in developing the business turnaround plan that is essential for the successful running of the organization. References Eden, C. and Ackermann, F., 2013. Making strategy: The journey of strategic management. Sage. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014. Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Peppard, J. and Ward, J., 2016. The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2017. Strategic management and business policy. pearson.

Halfords Group Plc Financial and Strategic Analysis Free Samples

Question: Describe the financial statement analysis, users of financial analysis and importance of non-financial consideration of Halfords Group Plc? Answer: Introduction Analysis and interpretation of the financial statements and taking decisions based on the financial statement analysis and the non financial considerations is quite important from the viewpoint of efficient management of the financial resources. The report has been prepared to conduct such analysis of the Halfords Group the financial years ending 2014. Further the users of this analysis and the different requirements of these users have been discussed. Based on these factors the key aspects of the business of the company are highlighted. Halfords Group is one of the retailers of car parts, touring and bicycle operating in UK and Ireland. The company made a profit of 52.7 in 2013 and employed 12,397 employees. The market capitalization of the company is 860.25 million. Considering these parameters it can be said that the financial analysis of the company will be important from the viewpoint of investment in the company. Financial Statement Analysis The financial statement analysis is one of the most important tools used by the analysts to analyze the performance of the company. The two key aspects that is highlighted by the financial statement analysis are Comparison of the performance of the company over the years Comparison of the performance of the company with the competitors in the industry The financial ratios that have been included in the financial statement analysis are categorized as profitability ratios and liquidity ratios. These have been discussed below Profitability Ratios The profitability ratios can be categorized as returns ratio and margins ratio. The profitability ratios highlight the level of profit made by the company with respect to other factors such as equity, sales, assets and capital employed (White, Sondhi Fried, 2002). The profitability ratios of Halfords Group have been shown below: Profitability Ratio 2014 2013 Gross Profit /Operational profit 53.66% 54.76% Net Profit 5.91% 6.05% Interest to Sales ratio 0.55% 0.72% Return on Shareholder funds 17.02% 17.64% return on Assets 9.34% 9.37% Return on Capital Employed 109.90% 106.78% The gross profit ratios of the company highlight that there has been marginal fall in the gross profit of the company. Although the sales of the company have increased, the gross profit margin has reduced. This fall in the gross profit is attributed to the increased expenses related to cost of sales. Considering the returns ratios of the profitability ratio the return on assets and shareholders equity has been maintained. The fall in these returns is lower than the fall in the gross profit margins. This is because the company has ensured that the profitability with respect to assets and shareholders is maintained. The overall analysis of the profitability ratio shows that although there hasnt been growth in the profitability but at the same time there hasnt been much fall in the profitability. Overall these ratios highlight the strength of the company to a certain extent as the sales and profitability in absolute terms has increased and at the same time gross profit margins and the return on shareholders equity and the assets has not come down. Solvency/ Liquidity Ratios The liquidity ratios highlight the ability of the company to meet the short term financial requirements and the level of leverage/ debt employed by the company. The liquidity and solvency ratios that have been calculated are shown below. Liquidity Ratio 2014 2013 Current Ratio 1.09 1.07 Acid Ratio 0.30 0.35 Inventory Turnover 2.90 2.96 Debt to Equity 40.69% 49.58% Interest Cover 96.96 75.73 In the debt to equity ratio shown above the debt that is considered is only the non-current liabilities of the company as these are the major loans employed by the company. The debt employed by the company is quite low i.e. around 30% and equity employed is around 70%. The company has ensured that the impact of interest on the profitability is reduced (Thompson, 2004). The increase in interest coverage ratio shows that the gross profit is better capable of meeting the interest expense of the company. The liquidity ratio of the company shows that the inventory has the major concern for the company as it is the major share in the current assets of the company. There is huge difference between the current ratio and the acid ratio of the company (Vandyck, 2006). The inventory turnover ratio highlights the increasing level of inventory of the company. Benchmark Analysis Considering the performance of other retailers in the industry shows that the profitability margin is less than 1% and the return on shareholders equity is also quite lower than Halfords. Thus considering the other retail player such as Sainsbury the performance of Halfords is much better. Further the inventory is one of the major factors for all the retailers in the industry and it is the operations and supply chain management that is of importance for the company. Overall Analysis The overall analysis shows that the liquidity is one of the major concerns for the company. The company needs to take steps so as to improve the liquidity so that more cash is available that can be employed to increase the cash from the business operations which will certainly be beneficial in increasing the sales and if the company can reduce or maintain the cost of sales the profitability will increase resulting in the increased returns to the shareholders. The current debt equity ratio of the company highlights the strength of the company. The company may increase the assets employed and as a result of it increase the sales by employing more debt (Bradshaw, 2013). This will improve the returns for the given level of shareholders maintained by the company. Overall the company has the potential as highlighted by the profitability ratios whereas at the same time there are certain factors that may be of concern of the company and can negatively impact the performance. Lastly reducing the inventory level is of prime concern for the company. Users of Financial Analysis As discussed above the financial statement analysis can be very important as it can highlight different aspects related to the company. However it is important to note that there can be different users of the financial statements having different uses. These have been mentioned below (Brigham Ehrhard, 2010) Investors: These are the most important users of the financial statements as the investors provide the necessary capital required for the development of assets and also short term liquidity. The investors are concerned about the profitability and returns on investment in the company. Creditors: The creditors are concerned about the operational aspects of the business and consider the liquidity and gross profit margin Management: The management is concerned about the operational aspects of the business and meeting the expectations of the shareholders. Overall it can be seen that the viewpoint of the users can be different and accordingly different set of ratios are analyzed. Importance of Non-Financial Consideration The annual report of Halfords provides the information on the non-financial consideration. The various aspects that have been included in the annual report of the company are strategy of the company, key performance indicators and the risk factors impacting the company. The strategy of the company has been divided into the group strategy and the retail strategy. The key performance indicators of the company have been categorized based on shareholders, operations and retain sales of the company. The risk factors that have been identified in the annual report of the company are economic factors, business strategy, increasing competition, compliances, changing consumer preferences and reliance on foreign manufacturers. All the three non-financial considerations provide an insight into the factors that can impact the performance of the company in future thereby complementing the financial analysis of the company. Overall it has been highlighted that the maintaining the current financial performance of the company may be challenge however the company has developed suitable strategies to combat the risks. Conclusion The report has been prepared to conduct such analysis of the Halfords Group the financial years ending 2014. Based on the analysis it can be said that the liquidity is one of the major concerns for the company. The company needs to take steps so as to improve the liquidity so that more cash is available that can be employed to increase the cash from the business operations which will certainly be beneficial in increasing the sales. The profitability in absolute terms has increased and at the same time gross profit margins and the return on shareholders equity and the assets has not come down. The non-financial considerations comprehend the financial analysis of the company and shows that maintaining the current financial performance of the company may be challenge however the company has developed suitable strategies to combat the risks. References Bradshaw K., (2013), Financing your business: choosing between debt and equity, Available At:https://www.royalgazette.com/article/20130319/BUSINESS05/703199999 Charles K. Vandyck, (2006), Financial Ratio Analysis: A Handy Guidebook, Trafford Publishing White G.I., Sondhi A.C. Fried D., (2002), The Analysis and Use of Financial Statements, Wiley; 3 edition Bhattacharya H., (2004), Working Capital Management: Strategies and Techniques Brigham E.F., Ehrhard M.C., (2010), Financial Management: Theory Practice Thompson D.A., (2004), Sources of Business Financing, Available At:https://www.boyneclarke.com/resources/entry/sources-of-business-financing

Writing an Agrumentative Essay on Guns

Writing an Agrumentative Essay on GunsWriting an argumentative essay on guns can be a tricky proposition. Many are afraid to make a statement that has been the subject of heated debate between those who believe the Second Amendment is self-serving and therefore must be removed, and those who believe it should remain in place. If you are new to this type of writing, there are some things you should take into consideration as you get started.First, be consistent with your writing. Do not add details in your second draft if you made major grammatical errors in your first draft. If you need help writing and editing, there are courses you can take to teach you how to do this. Do not skip around from one point to another. Make it consistent throughout the entire essay.Secondly, you should take into consideration whether or not the reader will be able to relate your perspective about guns to their own perspective. This means that, for example, if you are writing an essay about how guns to h elp protect against domestic violence, you will want to focus on domestic violence situations where guns were used. Conversely, if you are writing an essay about the rights of the American people to bear arms, you will want to use the same example, but instead talk about the need for more personal firearms licenses.Last, you should consider the impact of gun ownership on your research. This means that you should decide whether or not the information is relevant to the reader's needs. If the essay is being used for a higher education class, it is important that the information presented is accurate and pertinent to the lesson you want to teach. If the information was gathered over a period of time, such as in the case of firearms, then you need to consider how much weight you should give to the information.Now that you have reviewed your thoughts on how to write an argumentative essay on guns, it is time to put all your ideas down on paper so you can have a clear understanding of you r final thoughts and what direction you want to take the piece. After doing this, you will be better prepared to tackle any further difficulties or challenges you might face when you begin writing.There are only a few basic rules that you should keep in mind when writing an essay on guns. Most importantly, you need to remember that you are writing about something important and you need to be sincere with your opinion. At the same time, you should avoid making outrageous statements or predictions unless they are backed up by facts.Finally, while your objective is to highlight an argument, you should try to approach it as a dialogue between the reader and you in the essay. In other words, if you are trying to raise a question about the Second Amendment, you should outline your stance in the essay and then let the reader respond to it. After your reader is satisfied with the answers they provide, you should close the discussion by asking them to read your essay again and consider your ideas.These are the basic tips you should remember if you are interested in writing an essay on guns. Just remember to be honest, respectful, and factual; these are the elements that will help you in your writing journey.

Opening Remarks free essay sample

OPENING REMARKS by Mrs. Mary Grace Sumugat 16th General Assembly, PATTS Multipurpose Hall, 06 AUGUST 2011 Ladies and Gentlemen, Distinguished Guests and Students, Good afternoon. I am honored to address this gathering of PATTS Tourism Society as we convene the 16th Tourism General Assembly entitled â€Å"Education for Touristic Tourism† here at our Chairman’s Penthouse. PATTS Tourism Society is committed to actively raise the quality of activities and experience for every tourism student. writing service in java We want all of you to achieve their full potential to become a competitive professionals in this career. Moreover, PATTS Tourism Society will foster activities and programs that will stimulate and enhance your skills in this field . In our eagerness to serve the interest of the tourism students, we have always displayed a thorough activities and have made every effort to develop new ideas and activities which, in one way or another, have contributed promoting and enhancing tourism here at PATTS have its edge among other institutions. We will write a custom essay sample on Opening Remarks or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Our task is to make it possible. Our mission is to provide practical, step by step reinforcement through the activities provided by our organization. This year our theme is Tourmaline. Tourmalines are gems with an incomparable variety of colors. Just like Tourism, it is one of the gems of our country, which is full of colors. And as Tourism advocates we must learn how to efficiently use our resources. We live in a wonderful world that is full of beauty, charm and adventure. There is no end to the adventures we can have if only we seek them with our eyes open. So I commend that we should all live by the saying, â€Å"A journey of a thousand miles must begin with a single step†. So now, prepare yourself to be challenged, excited and inspired. I want to say once more on behalf of the PATTS Tourism Society organizing committee, welcome to the home of the most beautiful and handsome students of PATTS College of Aeronautics. Its a pleasure to see so many of you here. Thank you and Good day!

Substance Abuse Essays - Psychiatric Diagnosis, Substance Dependence

Substance Abuse BACKGROUND PAPER ON LEADERSHIP AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE 1. What is substance abuse? Although you may never have to deal with issues such as substance abuse, you must be prepared and knowledgeable should this type of problem present itself to you. The information in this paper will familiarize you with the definition, identification, leadership and family involvement concerning substance abuse. Let's start with the definition. 2. According to Air Force Pamphlet 36-2241, The Professional Fitness Study Guide, drug abuse is defined as the wrongful, illegal, or illicit use of a controlled substance, prescription, and over-the counter medication. It also includes the possession, distribution, or introduction of any controlled substance onto a military installation. Members of the Air Force are also prohibited from possessing, selling, or using drug paraphernalia. Air Force policy is to prevent drug abuse among its personnel. (AFPAM 36-2241: 182). The Air Force has zero tolerance on drug abuse. 3. The Air Force defines alcoholism as a preventable, progressive, treatable, and noncompensable disease that affects the entire family. Alcohol abuse has negative affects on public behavior, duty performance, and or physical and mental health. Air Force policy is to prevent alcohol abuse and alcoholism among its members and their families. (AFPAM 36-2241: 183). Air Force members must always maintain standards of behavior, performance, and discipline. This leads us to identifying substance abusers. TSgt Watts/G13/NCOA/akw/16 Oct 00 4. We must have a means of identifying service members experiencing problems with their substance use. One method is the arrest, apprehension, or investigation of a member driving under the influence (DUI) of drugs or alcohol. Another method is through drug testing. The Drug Abuse Testing Program is most effective as a deterrent, when used properly. All military personnel are subject to testing regardless of grade, status, or position. Military members are ordered or voluntarily consent to provide urine samples at any time. (AFPAM 36-2241: 184). Being in the Air Force for fifteen years, I have been randomly selected for drug testing more than my fair share. Now that I am a leader it's clearer to me why this program is so important. 5. As a parent, boss, or supervisor, there are signs and symptoms of substance abuse to look for. These signs and symptoms, according to the book, Drugs and Alcohol in America can consist of violent behavior, memory loss, deteriorating duty performance, dramatic mood swings, and unexpected or frequent absences just to name a few. (Drugs and Alcohol in America: Crisis or Hysteria?: 62). The Air Force encourages personnel with substance abuse problems to seek assistance. Under self-identification, a member's voluntary submission to an Air Force treatment program and self disclosed evidence of prior drug use may not be used against the member in disciplinary action under the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). Whether self disclosed or not, it's up to us as parents and supervisors to get people the care and treatment they so desperately need. 6. The Air Force's Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment (ADAPT) program is designed to promote readiness and health and wellness. It provides education 2. and treatment to individuals who experience problems attributed to substance abuse and return them to unrestricted duty status or assist them in their transition to civilian life. As leaders, it is our role to identify subordinates with problems early and to motivate them to seek and accept help. 7. As a supervisor, you are not tasked to be a diagnostician, yet you are charged with confronting unacceptable performance and behavior. Leadership has a very important part in the identification, treatment, and overall management of substance abusers. Showing genuine and personal concern for the welfare of your subordinates is one of the most important responsibilities you have as a supervisor. Commanders and supervisors should notify and make every effort to involve family members during the evaluation process and at the time of entry into a program. 8. In conclusion, we've discussed the definition and identification of substance abuse. We also talked about the importance of leadership and family member's role. Remember handling substance issues is one of your responsibilities as a leader, supervisor, and NCO. Ignoring the problem in hopes it will go away will only make the problem worse for the individual involved, the organization, and ultimately for the